Biomarkers /
TP53
Overview
Tumor protein p53 (TP53) is a gene that codes for a tumor suppressor protein, cellular tumor antigen p53. The protein regulates expression of genes involved in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence, DNA repair, and changes in metabolism (Gene 2014). In cancer, TP53's normal roles are not fulfilled, leading to cell survival, DNA damage, and cell proliferation. TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in cancer; it is mutated in about half of all cancers (Genetics Home Reference 2014). TP53 is most frequently mutated in ovarian, colon, and esophageal cancers, although it is significantly mutated in many other cancer types (COSMIC).
TP53 is altered in 39.52% of all cancers with lung adenocarcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, breast invasive ductal carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and high grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma having the greatest prevalence of alterations [3].
The most common alterations in TP53 are TP53 Mutation (32.56%), TP53 Missense (26.61%), TP53 c.217-c.1178 Missense (26.50%), TP53 Exon 5 Mutation (9.30%), and TP53 Exon 8 Mutation (8.49%) [3].
Biomarker-Directed Therapies
Clinical Trials
Significance of TP53 in Diseases
References
1. Hart R and Prlic A. Universal Transcript Archive Repository. Version uta_20180821. San Francisco CA: Github;2015. https://github.com/biocommons/uta
2. The UniProt Consortium. UniProt: a worldwide hub of protein knowledge. Nucleic Acids Research. 2019;47:D506-D515.
3. The AACR Project GENIE Consortium. AACR Project GENIE: powering precision medicine through an international consortium. Cancer Discovery. 2017;7(8):818-831. Dataset Version 8. This dataset does not represent the totality of the genetic landscape; see paper for more information.
4. All assertions and clinical trial landscape data are curated from primary sources. You can read more about the curation process here.