Over the last 3 decades, a steady shift has occurred in the management of breast cancer.
Because it was traditionally viewed as a local disease, many advocated the use of radical
surgery to achieve maximum survival benefit. This view has been slowly replaced by a broader
biologic view that recognizes the often systemic nature of breast cancer, even when it
appears to be localized to the breast. Results from randomized clinical trials have
demonstrated that less extensive surgery, or lumpectomy plus radiation therapy, are optimal
for local management of early breast cancer. In addition to the less radical approach to
surgical treatment of breast cancer, other randomized clinical trials have established the
value of postoperative systemic therapy in improving overall survival by eradicating
micrometastatic disease, the major cause of mortality from breast cancer. Despite the
well-documented benefits of adjuvant systemic therapy, it is not effective in preventing
death from breast cancer in all patients who are candidates for such treatment. The worth of
such therapy can only be judged in retrospect upon disease relapse, a time when breast cancer
is nearly always incurable. Currently, there are few reliable methods to predict the success
or failure of a particular postoperative treatment modality, and better ways to predict and
optimize outcome are needed.
Combination endocrine therapy: Using endocrine agents with different mechanisms of action
together has the potential advantage of more effectively blocking ER signaling, thus
improving the efficacy of such agents against breast cancer. In the past, attempts to combine
endocrine agents for ER-positive breast cancer have had mixed results, depending on the
setting and the patient population studied.
Endocrine agents without any agonist effect could potentially be used in combination with
aromatase inhibitors, under the rationale that the combination would maximally blockade
estrogen receptor signaling, thus potentially improving the antitumor effect. Fulvestrant
(FASLODEX) is a pure estrogen antagonist with no known agonist effect; thus, it has the
potential to provide additional benefit when combined with an aromatase inhibitor. This
concept provides the rationale for using the combination of anastrazole and fulvestrant in
this study.
Purpose and Objectives
The primary objective of this study is to determine if ER-targeted therapy, ARIMIDEX and
FASLODEX, used in combination is superior to ARMIDEX alone in hormone receptor positive
breast cancer.
Primary study objective 1. To determine the efficacy of primary breast cancer, as measured by
decrease in proliferation (KI67), to the combination of ARIMIDEX, and FASLODEX at high dose
Secondary study objectives 1. To study molecular changes in response to treatment. 2. To
correlate changes in Ki67 with clinical response 3. To determine the pathologic response
rate. 4. To assess the tolerability and safety of the combination regimen.
This is a phase II randomized multi-center study. As indicated in the study design schema
found in the protocol document attached to Section S, patients will be initially randomized
to receive ARIMIDEX, or ARIMIDEX+FASLODEX (high dose) for 16 weeks (112 days). A
computer-generated randomization scheme will be generated by the study statistician at the
Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine. A 1:1 randomization scheme using permuted blocks
will be employed. Randomization will be centralized at the Breast Center, Baylor College of
Medicine and accomplished via access to a secure web-based procedure that is currently being
implemented in our other multi-center clinical trials. Enrollment, eligibility, and
randomization information will be stored in an Oracle database on the Breast Center's Sun
server and will be accessible only through secure web-based applications. Communication with
the pharmacy will be handled by email which will contain only patient identification number
and initials and by FAX or hardcopy. The hardcopy will be used by physicians to send to the
pharmacy a signed computer-generated pharmacy order to legally dispense study drug.
Within 30 days prior to randomization subjects will sign the study consent form, and have a
history and physical exam, including all concurrent medications. Blood will be drawn for CBC,
platelets, serum chemistries, BUN, creatinine, and liver function tests. If necessary to
determine menopausal status FSH, LH and serum estradiol will be obtained. An EKG, CXR PA and
lateral will be performed and a bilateral mammogram and US of primary breast cancer will be
done within 90 days of randomization. Subjects will then be randomized to receive either
ARIMIDEX 1 mg po q day (Group A), or ARIMIDEX 1 mg po q day and FASLODEX 500 mg IM, day 1,
day 14, day 28 and thereafter once every 28 days (Group B). Study medications will be
dispensed within 60 days of randomization. On day 28, subjects will be evaluated for side
effects and a second breast core biopsy will be obtained. Evaluation for tumor response and
tolerability of the regimen will be evaluated every 28 days in outpatient clinic visits. ALL
treatment will continue until day 112 when patients with a clinical response or stable
disease will receive appropriate surgical resection. If the tumor is unresectable on day 112,
a core needle biopsy will be done. The surgical specimen will be obtained for further
molecular analysis. After surgery, patients will be off study and will receive additional
breast cancer therapy at the discretion of their treating physician. Patients who develop
progressive disease on protocol will be taken off study and offered alternative treatment.
All patients will have a safety follow-up 1 month after the surgery (or the alternative core
biopsy).
Treatment will be administered on outpatient basis. After the baseline breast biopsy,
patients will be randomized to receive ARIMIDEX 1mg po q day (group A), or ARIMIDEX 1mg po q
day with FASLODEX 500 mg day 1, day 14, day 28, and thereafter every 28 days (Group B). After
28 days a second biopsy will be obtained in all patients. All patients will continue on the
same randomized treatment for the total duration of the study of 112 days till the day before
surgery. No investigational or commercial agents or therapies other than those described
below may be administered with the intent to treat the patient's malignancy.
Study Visit Procedures: Pre-Study Procedures will include the following: informed consent,
breast biopsy, demographics, medical history, concurrent medication list, physical exam,
blood draw, bidimensional tumor measurement, bilateral mammogram, primary breast ultrasound
and chest x-ray.
Day 1 procedures will include the following: study drug administration, clinic visit.
Day 14 procedures will include the following (group B only) study drug injection and clinic
visit.
Day 28 procedures will include the following (group B only) study drug injection. Both group
A and B, breast biopsy, concurrent medication list, physical exam, blood draw, clinic visit,
adverse events evaluation, bidimensional tumor measurement.
Day 56 procedures will include the following (group B only) study drug injection. Both group
A and B, concurrent medication list, physical exam, blood draw, adverse events evaluation,
clinic visit and bidimensional tumor measurement.
Day 84 procedures include (group B only) study drug injection. Both group A and B, concurrent
medication list, physical exam, blood draw, adverse event evaluation, clinic visit and
bidimensional tumor measurement.
Day 112 procedures include study drug administration, concurrent medication list, physical
exam, blood draw, adverse events evaluation, bidimensional tumor measurement, bilateral
mammogram, primary breast ultrasound and tumor resection.
Day 140 procedures include blood draw, clinic visit and safety evaluation for adverse events.
Duration of Therapy In the absence of treatment delays due to adverse events, treatment will
continue for 4 months or until one of the following criteria applies: Disease progression,
Intercurrent illness that prevents further administration of treatment, Unacceptable adverse
events(s), Patient decides to withdraw from the study, or General or specific changes in the
patient's condition render the patient unacceptable for further treatment in the judgment of
the investigator.
This protocol will close 6 months after the last patient is enrolled. Patients will receive
study medications from day 0 until day 111, which is the day before their planned surgery. On
day 140, patients will have a safety follow up visit and to determine the need for further
treatment after surgery.
Breast Core Biopsy All subjects will have a breast tumor core biopsy at the beginning of the
study, and a second biopsy after 2 weeks. Core needle biopsies are planned because they will
provide sufficient histologically evaluable tissue for the assays proposed in this study.
Inclusion Criteria:
- All subjects must be female.
- Postmenopausal status, defined as any one of the following criteria:
- Documented history of bilateral oophorectomy.
- Age 60 years or more.
- Age 45 to 59 and satisfying one or more of the following criteria:
- Amenorrhea for at least 12 months and intact uterus.
- Amenorrhea for less than 12 months and a follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
and estradiol concentration within postmenopausal range including: patients
who have had a hysterectomy and patients who have received hormone
replacement.
- Patients must have histologically confirmed invasive breast cancer with a primary
tumor of 3 cm or more in greatest dimension as measured by clinical examination.
- Estrogen receptor and/or progesterone receptor positive disease.
- Patients must not have received any prior treatment for current or newly diagnosed
breast cancer.
- Patients must have not received previous treatment with any of the study medications
or similar drugs.
- No use of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) such as raloxifene or similar
agents in the past 2 years.
- WHO performance status of 0, 1, or 2.
- Adequate organ function defined as follows:
- Adequate renal function, defined by a serum creatinine within 3 times the upper
limits of normal.
- Adequate liver function, defined by total bilirubin, AST, ALT, and alkaline
phosphatase within 3 times the upper limits of normal.
- Adequate bone marrow function, defined as a WBC greater than 3.0 ml, PLT greater
than 75,000/ul, Hb greater than 9 gm/l.
- Willing to undergo breast core biopsies as required by the study protocol. - Ability
to understand and sign a written informed consent for participation in the trial.
- Life expectancy of at least 1 year.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Premenopausal status.
- Other coexisting malignancies with the exception of basal cell carcinoma or cervical
cancer in situ.
- Patients with brain metastasis.
- WHO performance status of 3 or 4.
- Is judged by the investigator, uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not
limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure,
unstable angina pectoris, significant cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric
illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
- Evidence of any other significant clinical disorder or laboratory finding that makes
it undesirable for the subject to participate in the clinical trial. - Concurrent
treatment with estrogens or progestins. Patients must stop these drugs at least two
weeks prior to study entry.
- Treatment with a non-approved or investigational drug within 30 days before Day 1 of
study treatment.
- Platelet count less than 75,000.
- In the opinion of the investigator, bleeding diathesis or anticoagulation therapy that
would preclude intramuscular injections.
- History of hypersensitivity to castor oil.
- Any evidence of clinically active interstitial lung disease (patients with chronic
stable radiographic changes who are asymptomatic need not be excluded) - Patients with
recurrent breast cancer.
- Patients with contralateral second primary breast cancers are eligible.
