OBJECTIVES:
Primary
- To determine if the addition of a monoclonal antibody (none vs. rituximab) improves
event-free survival (EFS) in patients with newly diagnosed precursor B-cell acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
- To determine if the addition of nelarabine improves outcome for patients with T-cell
ALL.
Secondary
- To determine the tolerability of pegaspargase in induction therapy of all patients.
- To compare anti-asparaginase antibody levels in patients with B-lineage ALL.
- To determine whether risk-adapted introduction of unrelated donor hematopoietic stem
cell transplantation (HSCT) (myeloablative conditioning in patients ≤ 40 years old and
non-myeloablative conditioning in patients > 40 years old) results in greater EFS for
patients at highest risk of relapse.
- To compare the efficacy of two schedules (standard vs collapsed) of palifermin in
preventing severe mucosal toxicity in patients treated with etoposide, total-body
irradiation, and HSCT-conditioning therapy.
- To assess the late effects of this treatment in these patients.
- To identify and describe some of the adverse physical and psychosocial consequences of
this disease and its treatment.
OUTLINE: This is a multicenter study. There are 3 randomizations at different timepoints in
the trial, each patient undergoes at least 1 but no more than 2 randomizations.
- Part 1 standard induction therapy (all patients*, weeks 1-4): Patients receive
daunorubicin hydrochloride IV over 20 minutes and vincristine sulfate IV over 5-10
minutes on days 1, 8, 15, and 22; oral dexamethasone once a day on days 1-5, 8-11, and
15-18; pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on days 4 and 18; and methotrexate intrathecally
(IT) on day 14.
NOTE: *Patients with Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) disease should also receive oral imatinib
mesylate once a day on days 1-28.
- Randomized concurrent monoclonal antibody therapy (for patients with precursor B-cell
acute lymphoblastic leukemia [ALL]): Patients with precursor B-cell ALL are randomized
to 1 of 4 monoclonal antibody treatment arms (given concurrently with part 1 standard
induction therapy):
- Arm B1: Patients do not receive any monoclonal antibody therapy.
- Arm B2 : Patients receive rituximab IV on days 3, 10, 17, and 24.
- Part 2 standard induction therapy (all patients*, weeks 5-8): Patients receive
cyclophosphamide IV over 30 minutes on days 1 and 15; cytarabine IV on days
2-5, 9-12, 16-19, and 23-26; oral mercaptopurine once a day on days 1-28; and
methotrexate IT on days 1, 8, 15, and 22.
NOTE: *Patients with Ph+ disease should also receive oral imatinib mesylate once a day on
days 1-30.
- Randomized subsequent nelarabine therapy (for Patients with T-cell ALL) Patients with
T-cell ALL are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms, to be administered after completion
of part 2 standard induction therapy.
- Arm T1: Patients do not receive any other therapy during induction.
- Arm T2: Patients receive nelarabine IV over 2 hours on days 1, 3, and 5. Patients
who do not achieve complete remission (CR) after part 2 standard induction therapy
are taken off study.
- Intensification/central nervous system prophylaxis (patients not eligible for
transplant OR patients > 40 years at study entry and eligible for
transplant)*: Beginning after recovery from part 2 standard induction therapy,
patients receive high-dose methotrexate IV on days 1 and 15 and pegaspargase
IV over 1-2 hours on days 2 and 16.
NOTE: *Patients with Philadelphia-positive (Ph+) disease should also receive oral imatinib
mesylate once a day on days 1-28.
Patients eligible for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) (i.e., any
patient with an HLA-compatible sibling donor or high risk patients with a molecularly matched
donor) undergo transplantation; patients not eligible for HSCT undergo consolidation followed
by maintenance therapy.
- Consolidation therapy* (patients not eligible for transplantation):
- Course 1: Beginning after completion of intensification therapy, patients receive
cytarabine IV and high-dose etoposide IV over 30 minutes on days 1-5, pegaspargase
IV over 1-2 hours on day 5, and methotrexate IT on day 1. Patients proceed to
course 2 beginning 3 weeks after the start of course 1 or when neutrophils recover.
- Course 2: Patients receive cytarabine IV and high-dose etoposide IV over 30 minutes
on days 1-5 and methotrexate IT on day 1. Patients proceed to course 3 beginning 3
weeks after the start of course 2 or when neutrophils recover.
- Course 3 (delayed intensification): Patients receive daunorubicin hydrochloride IV
over 20 minutes and vincristine sulfate IV over 5-10 minutes on days 1, 8, 15, and
22; pegaspargase IV over 1-2 hours on day 4; oral dexamethasone once a day on days
1-4, 8-11, 15-18, and 22-25; methotrexate IT on days 2 and 17; cyclophosphamide IV
on day 29; cytarabine IV on days 30-33 and 37-40; and oral mercaptopurine once a
day on days 29-42. Patients proceed to course 4 after neutrophils recover.
- Course 4: Patients receive cytarabine IV, high-dose etoposide IV, and methotrexate
IT as in course 2.
NOTE: *Patients with Ph+ disease should also receive oral imatinib mesylate once a day on
days 1-7 in courses 1 and 2, on days 2-42 in course 3, and on days 1-8 in course 4.
- Maintenance therapy (patients not eligible for transplantation): Patients receive
vincristine sulfate IV every 3 months, oral prednisolone once a day on days 1-5 every 3
months, oral mercaptopurine once daily, methotrexate IV or orally once a week, and
methotrexate IT every 3 months for 2 years.
- Transplant conditioning and allogeneic HSCT:
- Myeloablative-conditioning and allogeneic HSCT (patients ≤ 40 years old at study
entry): Patients undergo total-body irradiation on days -7 to -4 and receive
high-dose etoposide IV over 4 hours on day -3 or high-dose cyclophosphamide IV over
2 hours on days -3 and -2. Patients then undergo allogeneic HSCT on day 0.
Patients are stratified according to gender, donor (sibling donor vs. matched unrelated
donor), and cellular type of ALL (precursor B-lineage vs. T-lineage). Patients are randomized
to receive 1 of 2 palifermin treatment arms.
- Arm P1 (standard dose): Patients receive palifermin IV on days -3 to 2.
- Arm P2 (collapsed dose): Patients receive palifermin IV on days -1 to 2.
- Non-myeloablative-conditioning and allogeneic HSCT (patients > 40 years old at
study entry): Patients receive fludarabine phosphate IV over 30-60 minutes on days
-7 to -3 and melphalan IV over 90 days on day -1. Recipients of unrelated donor
HSCT also receive alemtuzumab IV over 2 hours on day -2 and -1; recipients of
sibling HSCT receive alemtuzumab IV over 2 hours on day -1. Patients then undergo
allogeneic HSCT on day 0. Patients also receive post transplant methotrexate IT
every 3 months for 2 years.
Patients undergo blood and bone marrow sample collection periodically for correlative
studies.
After completion of study treatment, patients are followed annually.
Peer Reviewed and Funded or Endorsed by Cancer Research UK
DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:
- Newly diagnosed, previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- A pre-phase steroid treatment of 5-7 days is required and can be started prior to
registration
- Philadelphia chromosome-negative or -positive patients are eligible
- No blast transformation of chronic myeloid leukemia
- No mature B-cell leukemia [i.e., Burkitt disease t(8,14)(q24 ;q32)] or variant c-myc
translocations [e.g., t(2;8)(p12;q24), t(8;22)(q24;q11)]
- Patients who undergo study transplantation must have HLA-compatible sibling or
unrelated donor
- 8/8 molecular match at -A, -B, -C, and -DR (DQ mismatch is permitted)
- Patients meeting ≥ 1 the following criteria are considered high-risk:
- Over 40 years old
- WBC ≥ 30 x 10^9/L (precursor-B) OR ≥ 100 x 10^9/L (T-lineage)
- Any 1 or more of the following cytogenetic abnormalities:
- t(4;11)(q21;q23)/MLL-AF4
- Low hypodiploidy/near triploidy (30-39 chromosomes/60-78 chromosomes)
- Complex karyotype (≥ 5 chromosomal abnormalities)
- Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (q34;q11)/BCR-ABL1 (detected by cytogenetic
or molecular methods)
- High-risk minimal-residual disease after completion of part 2 standard induction
therapy
PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:
- No known HIV infection
- Not pregnant or nursing (no nursing during and for 12 months after completion of study
therapy)
- Negative pregnancy test
- Fertile patients must use effective contraception during and for up to 12 months after
completion of study therapy
PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:
- See Disease Characteristics
