Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients must have histologically confirmed solid malignancy (excluding lymphoma) that
             is metastatic or unresectable and for which standard curative measures do not exist or
             are no longer effective, and for which: a) there is reasonable expectation of response
             to the combination of carboplatin/paclitaxel OR b) BRCA 1/2 germline mutation is
             present; due to the longstanding acceptance of BRCA 1 and 2 mutation testing through
             Myriad, results from Myriad will be acceptable; if testing for BRCA 1 and 2 germline
             mutations is done through another organization, a report from a genetics consult with
             a qualified medical professional confirming that the laboratory results show a
             recognized germline deleterious BRCA 1 or 2 mutation or rearrangement is required; if
             the latter cannot be obtained, principal investigator (PI) or study chair review of
             the lab results and confirmation of BRCA mutation or rearrangement will be required OR
             c) BRCA 1/2 somatic mutation previously identified using a Clinical Laboratory
             Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified assay

          -  Patients must have measurable or evaluable disease, as defined by Response Evaluation
             Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1

          -  Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< 2 (Karnofsky >= 60%)

          -  Life expectancy of greater than 12 weeks

          -  Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,500/mcL

          -  Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL

          -  Platelets >= 150,000/mcL

          -  Total bilirubin =< 1.25 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN), with the
             exception of < 2.9 mg/dL for patients with Gilbert's disease

          -  Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
             [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT])
             =< 2.5 x ULN; =< 5 x ULN in setting of metastatic liver disease

          -  Creatinine =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal OR creatinine clearance >= 50 mL/min

          -  Ability to take oral medications

          -  Patients with central nervous system (CNS) metastases must be stable after therapy for
             CNS metastases (such as surgery, radiotherapy or stereotactic radiosurgery) for at
             least 4 weeks and must be off steroid treatment for 2 weeks prior to study enrollment

          -  The effects of talazoparib (BMN 673) on the developing human fetus are unknown; for
             this reason and because other therapeutic agents used in this trial are known to be
             teratogenic, women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate
             contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study
             entry and for the duration of study participation; should a woman become pregnant or
             suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she
             should inform her treating physician immediately; men treated or enrolled on this
             protocol must also agree to use adequate contraception prior to the study, for the
             duration of study participation, and 4 months after completion of talazoparib (BMN
             673) administration

          -  Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients who have had chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 4 weeks (6 weeks for
             nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) or targeted therapies within 2 weeks prior to entering
             the study or those who have not recovered (=< grade 1) from adverse events due to
             agents administered with the exception of any grade of alopecia

          -  No prior carboplatin unless given in neoadjuvant/adjuvant setting for curative intent
             and more than 6 months have elapsed since last carboplatin dose; in the case of
             relapsed ovarian cancer, patients are eligible if more than 6 months have elapsed
             since last carboplatin dose

          -  Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents

          -  History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic
             composition to talazoparib (BMN 673) or other agents used in study

          -  Peripheral neuropathy of severity greater than grade 1

          -  The following medications are contraindicated or must be used with caution; because
             the lists of these agents are constantly changing, it is important to regularly
             consult a frequently-updated medical reference

               -  Contraindicated:

                    -  Cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 8 (CYP2C8) strong and
                       moderate inhibitors

                    -  CYP2C8 inducers

                    -  Cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily A, polypeptide 4 (CYP3A4) strong and
                       moderate inhibitors

                    -  CYP3A4 inducers

                    -  CYP3A4 sensitive substrates

               -  Exclusions: the following supportive care medications will be allowed will be
                  allowed as they are routinely administered with carboplatin and paclitaxel and
                  have no potential interaction with talazoparib (BMN 673): dexamethasone,
                  aprepitant, fosaprepitant, and ondansetron); oral pain medications such as
                  hydrocodone, oxycodone taken on an as needed basis are also permitted

               -  Transdermal products designed for systemic delivery must be assessed for
                  interaction potential; topical products not designed to provide systemic delivery
                  (including inhaled products, ophthalmologic products and transvaginal
                  preparations) do not need to be considered since they do not have appreciable
                  systemic absorption

               -  Other contraindicated medications (per above) are not allowed unless close
                  monitoring with labs or drug levels or by symptoms with subsequent dose
                  adjustments is feasible; patients taking these concurrent medications are
                  ineligible unless they can discontinue or switched to alternative medications
                  prior to initiation of the study drug (at least 5 half-lives)

               -  Use with caution:

                    -  CYP2C8 sensitive substrates

                    -  CYP2C8 weak inhibitors

                    -  CYP3A4 non-sensitive substrates

                    -  CYP3A4 weak inhibitors

               -  These agents may be permitted if discontinuation is not feasible and no
                  acceptable alternatives are available as determined by the treating physician;
                  however, caution should be used; consider monitoring with labs or drug levels or
                  by symptoms and consider dose adjustments of the medication

          -  Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active
             infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac
             arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with
             study requirements

          -  Pregnant women are excluded from this study because talazoparib (BMN 673) is a PARP
             inhibitor with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects; because there
             is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to
             treatment of the mother with talazoparib (BMN 673), breastfeeding should be
             discontinued if the mother is treated with talazoparib (BMN 673); these potential
             risks may also apply to other agents used in this study

          -  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients on combination antiretroviral
             therapy are ineligible because of the potential for interactions with study treatment;
             in addition, these patients are at increased risk of lethal infections when treated
             with marrow-suppressive therapy; appropriate studies will be undertaken in patients
             receiving combination antiretroviral therapy when indicated

          -  No clinically significant bleeding (i.e. gastrointestinal [GI] bleed, intracranial
             bleeding) within 6 months or major surgery within 4 weeks; minor surgeries (i.e. port
             placement, cataract surgery) are allowed within 2 weeks

          -  Anticoagulation and anti-platelet therapies are not permitted (this includes coumadin,
             low molecular weight heparins, factor Xa inhibitors, aspirin and non-steroidal
             anti-inflammatory drug [NSAIDS] or other medicines with similar effects)