Inclusion Criteria:

          -  The patient must have signed and dated an institutional review board (IRB)-approved
             consent form that conforms to federal and institutional guidelines

          -  Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1

          -  The tumor must be unilateral invasive adenocarcinoma of the breast on histologic
             examination

          -  All of the following staging criteria (according to the 7th edition of the American
             Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] Cancer Staging Manual) must be met:

               -  By pathologic evaluation, primary tumor must be pT1-3

               -  By pathologic evaluation, ipsilateral nodes must be pN0, pN1 (pN1mi, pN1a, pN1b,
                  pN1c), pN2a, pN2b, pN3a, or pN3b

               -  If pN0, tumor must be > 3.0 cm

          -  The tumor must have been determined to be human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
             (HER2)-negative as follows:

               -  Immunohistochemistry (IHC) 0-1+; or

               -  IHC 2+ and in situ hybridization (ISH) non-amplified with a ratio of HER2 to
                  centromere enumerator probe 17 (CEP17) < 2.0, and if reported, average HER2 gene
                  copy number < 4 signals/cells; or

               -  ISH non-amplified with a ratio of HER2 to CEP17 < 2.0, and if reported, average
                  HER2 gene copy number < 4 signals/cells

          -  The tumor must have been determined to be estrogen receptor (ER)-and progesterone
             receptor (PgR)-negative assessed by current American Society of Clinical Oncology
             (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) guidelines; patients with < 1% ER and
             PgR staining by IHC are considered negative

          -  The patient must have undergone either a mastectomy (total, skin-sparing, or
             nipple-sparing) or lumpectomy

          -  For patients who undergo lumpectomy, the margins of the resected specimen must be
             histologically free of invasive tumor and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) as
             determined by the local pathologist; if pathologic examination demonstrates tumor at
             the line of resection, additional excisions may be performed to obtain clear margins;
             if tumor is still present at the resected margin after re-excision(s), the patient
             must undergo mastectomy to be eligible; (patients with margins positive for lobular
             carcinoma in situ [LCIS] are eligible without additional resection)

          -  For patients who undergo mastectomy, the margins must be free of residual gross tumor;
             (patients with microscopic positive margins are eligible as long as post-mastectomy
             radiation therapy [RT] of the chest wall will be administered)

          -  The patient must have completed one of the procedures for evaluation of pathologic
             nodal status listed below.

               -  Sentinel lymphadenectomy alone:

                    -  If pathologic nodal staging based on sentinel lymphadenectomy is pN0 or
                       pN1b;

                    -  If pathologic nodal staging based on sentinel lymphadenectomy is pN1mi or
                       pN1a and the patient has undergone breast conserving surgery (with planned
                       breast radiotherapy), the primary tumor must be T1 or T2 by pathologic
                       evaluation and the nodal involvement must be limited to 1 or 2 positive
                       nodes

               -  Sentinel lymphadenectomy followed by removal of additional non-sentinel lymph
                  nodes if the sentinel node (SN) is positive; or

               -  Axillary lymphadenectomy with or without SN isolation procedure

          -  The interval between the last surgery for breast cancer (including re-excision of
             margins) and randomization must be no more than 60 days

          -  Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) must be >= 1200/mm^3

          -  Platelet count must be >= 100,000/mm^3

          -  Hemoglobin must be >= 10 g/dL

          -  Total bilirubin must be =< upper limit of normal (ULN) for the laboratory (lab) unless
             the patient has a bilirubin elevation > ULN to 1.5 x ULN due to Gilbert's disease or
             similar syndrome involving slow conjugation of bilirubin

          -  Alkaline phosphatase must be =< 2.5 x ULN for the lab

          -  Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) must be =< 1.5 x ULN for the lab

               -  Note: If alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is performed instead of AST (per
                  institution's standard practice), the ALT value must be =< 1.5 x ULN; if both
                  were performed, the AST must be =< 1.5 x ULN

          -  Patients with AST or alkaline phosphatase > ULN are eligible for inclusion in the
             study if liver imaging (computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI],
             positron emission tomography [PET]-CT, or PET scan) performed within 90 days prior to
             randomization does not demonstrate metastatic disease and the requirements above are
             met

          -  Patients with alkaline phosphatase that is > ULN but =< 2.5 x ULN or unexplained bone
             pain are eligible for inclusion in the study if a bone scan, PET-CT scan, or PET scan
             performed within 90 days prior to randomization does not demonstrate metastatic
             disease

          -  Adequate renal function determined within 6 weeks prior to randomization defined as
             the most recent serum creatinine =< ULN or measured or calculated creatinine clearance
             > 60 mL/min

          -  Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessment must be performed within 90 days
             prior to randomization; (LVEF assessment performed by 2-dimensional [D] echocardiogram
             is preferred; however, multi gated acquisition [MUGA] scan may be substituted based on
             institutional preferences;) the LVEF must be >= 50% regardless of the cardiac imaging
             facility's lower limit of normal

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  T4 tumors including inflammatory breast cancer

          -  Definitive clinical or radiologic evidence of metastatic disease; required imaging
             studies must have been performed within 90 days prior to randomization

          -  Synchronous or previous contralateral invasive breast cancer; (patients with
             synchronous and/or previous contralateral DCIS or LCIS are eligible)

          -  Any previous history of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer or ipsilateral DCIS;
             (patients with synchronous or previous ipsilateral LCIS are eligible)

          -  History of non-breast malignancies (except for in situ cancers treated only by local
             excision and basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin) within 5 years prior
             to randomization

          -  Previous therapy with anthracyclines or taxanes for any malignancy

          -  Chemotherapy administered for the currently diagnosed breast cancer prior to
             randomization

          -  Any continued use of sex hormonal therapy, e.g., birth control pills, ovarian hormone
             replacement therapy; patients are eligible if these medications are discontinued prior
             to randomization

          -  Cardiac disease (history of and/or active disease) that would preclude the use of the
             drugs included in the treatment regimens; this includes but is not confined to:

               -  Active cardiac disease

                    -  Angina pectoris that requires the current use of anti-anginal medication;

                    -  Ventricular arrhythmias except for benign premature ventricular
                       contractions;

                    -  Supraventricular and nodal arrhythmias requiring a pacemaker or not
                       controlled with medication;

                    -  Conduction abnormality requiring a pacemaker;

                    -  Valvular disease with documented compromise in cardiac function; or

                    -  Symptomatic pericarditis

               -  History of cardiac disease

                    -  Myocardial infarction documented by elevated cardiac enzymes or persistent
                       regional wall abnormalities on assessment of left ventricle (LV) function;

                    -  History of documented congestive heart failure (CHF); or

                    -  Documented cardiomyopathy

          -  Uncontrolled hypertension defined as sustained systolic blood pressure (BP) > 150 mmHg
             or diastolic BP > 90 mmHg; (patients with initial BP elevations are eligible if
             initiation or adjustment of BP medication lowers pressure to meet entry criteria)

          -  Active hepatitis B or hepatitis C with abnormal liver function tests

          -  Patients known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive with a baseline
             cluster of differentiation (CD)4 count of < 250 cells/mm^3 or have a history of
             acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) indicator conditions

          -  Intrinsic lung disease resulting in dyspnea

          -  History of hospitalization in past 12 months for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or
             hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)

          -  Active infection or chronic infection requiring chronic suppressive antibiotics

          -  Nervous system disorder (paresthesia, peripheral motor neuropathy, or peripheral
             sensory neuropathy) >= grade 2, per the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
             (CTCAE) version (v)4.0

          -  Conditions that would prohibit administration of corticosteroids

          -  Chronic daily treatment with corticosteroids with a dose of >= 10 mg/day
             methylprednisolone equivalent (excluding inhaled steroids)

          -  Known hypersensitivity to any of the study drugs or excipients, e.g., polysorbate 80
             and Cremophor® EL

          -  Other non-malignant systemic disease that would preclude the patient from receiving
             study treatment or would prevent required follow-up

          -  Psychiatric or addictive disorders or other conditions that, in the opinion of the
             investigator, would preclude the patient from meeting the study requirements

          -  Pregnancy or lactation at the time of study entry; (note: pregnancy testing according
             to institutional standards for women of childbearing potential must be performed
             within 2 weeks prior to randomization)

          -  Use of any investigational product within 4 weeks prior to randomization