Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Participants must be pre- or post-menopausal

          -  Participants must have a diagnosis of DCIS made by core needle biopsy

          -  Participants must be human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 positive

          -  Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status must be 0 or 1 (Karnofsky
             >= 60%)

          -  Clinical chemistry less than 2 x normal upper limit of normal range

          -  Platelets >= 100,000/mm^3

          -  Hemoglobin >= 10 g/dL

          -  Blood urea nitrogen < 2 x upper limit of normal (ULN)

          -  Alkaline phosphatase < 2 x ULN

          -  Lactate dehydrogenase < 2 x ULN

          -  Creatinine < 2 x ULN

          -  Bilirubin < 2 x ULN

          -  Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
             [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT])
             < 2 x ULN

          -  A normal ejection fraction, as defined by the participant's institution; only limited
             echocardiograms (ECHOs) will be used as cardiac evaluation; no other tests are
             allowed; ECHO is to be done only in HLA-A2 positive participants; if ECHO has been
             done within 30 days prior to randomization and results showing a normal ejection
             fraction have been obtained prior to randomization, an additional ECHO is not needed
             at baseline

          -  Willingness to comply with all study interventions and follow-up procedures

          -  The ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent document

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Invasive breast cancer; areas of microinvasion or suspicious for microinvasion on the
             core biopsy is allowed

          -  History of prior breast cancer treated within the past two years; patients completing
             all breast cancer-specific treatment over two years prior to the current diagnosis are
             eligible

          -  History of prior ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated within the past two years;
             patients completing all treatment for a previous diagnosis of DCIS over two years
             prior to the current diagnosis are eligible

          -  Prior lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is allowed

          -  Pregnant, unwilling to use adequate contraception during study treatment duration or
             breastfeeding; pregnant women will be excluded; all heterosexually active women who
             may become pregnant must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier
             method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of
             study participation OR be post-menopausal defined as any one of the following 1) prior
             hysterectomy, 2) absence of menstrual period for 1 year in the absence of prior
             chemotherapy or 3) absence of menstrual period for 2 years in women with a prior
             history of chemotherapy exposure who were pre-menopausal prior to chemotherapy; should
             a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study,
             she should inform her study physician immediately

          -  Any autoimmune disease or other medical condition that, in the opinion of the
             investigator, would compromise the subject's safety

          -  Immune deficiency diseases such as immunoglobulin deficiency or immunosuppressive
             therapy that might interfere with appropriate immune response

          -  Known history of or known active infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
             hepatitis B or hepatitis C

          -  Patients on chronic steroid therapy or other immunosuppressive therapy except for
             topical or inhaled steroids known to have low systemic absorption

          -  Patients with a known hypersensitivity to GM-CSF, yeast-derived products, or any
             component of the GM-CSF product (e.g., mannitol)

          -  Concurrent treatment with other investigational agent

          -  History of non-breast malignancy within 5 years prior to randomization, except
             curatively treated superficial bladder cancer, carcinoma in situ of the cervix (stage
             0-1), and basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin

          -  History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic
             composition to NeuVax

          -  Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active
             infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac
             arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with
             study requirements

          -  No recent or planned immunotherapy