Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Patients must have histologically confirmed malignancy that is metastatic or
             unresectable and for which standard curative or palliative measures do not exist or
             are no longer effective

          -  Patients must have measurable disease, defined as at least one lesion that can be
             accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded for
             non-nodal lesions and short axis for nodal lesions) as >= 20 mm (>= 2 cm) by chest
             x-ray or as >= 10 mm (>= 1 cm) with computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance
             imaging (MRI), or calipers by clinical exam; (pharmacodynamic and disease specific
             expansion cohorts only)

          -  Measurable disease will not be required for enrollment in the dose escalation cohort

          -  Unlimited prior therapies allowed

          -  Docetaxel appropriate

               -  May have previously received docetaxel, if anticipated to have maintained taxane
                  sensitivity (for the dose escalation cohort only)

          -  Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status =< 2 (Karnofsky >= 60%)

          -  Leukocytes >= 3,000/mcL

          -  Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,500/mcL

          -  Platelets >= 100,000/mcL

          -  Total bilirubin within normal institutional limits (patients with confirmed Gilbert's
             syndrome with a total bilirubin =< 2.0 x upper limit of normal [ULN], may be included
             in this study)

          -  Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase
             [SGOT])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase [SGPT])
             =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal

          -  Creatinine within normal institutional limits OR creatinine clearance >= 60
             mL/min/1.73 m^2 for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal

          -  PTEN or PIK3CB mutated advanced solid tumor

               -  PTEN loss of function mutation or PIK3CB gain of function mutation identified by
                  local Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) certified next generation
                  sequencing (NGS)

               -  Breast cancers patients enrolled on this study must have either:

                    -  Estrogen receptor positive and HER2 negative breast cancer

                    -  Triple negative breast cancer

          -  Adequate archival tissue (metastatic tissue sample is preferable but primary tumor
             tissue will be acceptable) or willing to undergo pre-treatment biopsy (for central
             confirmation of molecular alteration and PTEN immunohistochemical assessment) if
             adequate archival tissue is unavailable

          -  Consent to allow mandatory paired (pre- and on- treatment) fresh tissue biopsies if
             deemed safe to do so for quantitation of Akt pathway signaling proteins
             (pharmacodynamic expansion cohort only)

          -  Women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception
             (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for
             the duration of study participation; should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is
             pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform
             her treating physician immediately; men treated or enrolled on this protocol must also
             agree to use adequate contraception prior to the study, for the duration of study
             participation, and 4 months after completion of AZD8186 administration

          -  Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  HER2 positive breast cancer

          -  Prior treatment with PI3K/AKT inhibitors

          -  Any known concurrent RAF or PIK3CA mutation

          -  Patients who have had chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy or anticancer agents
             within 4 weeks (6 weeks for nitrosoureas or mitomycin C) of the first dose of study
             treatment, except hormonal therapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)
             analogues for medical castration in patients with prostate cancer and breast cancer,
             which are permitted

          -  Patients who have not recovered from adverse events due to prior anti-cancer therapy
             (i.e., have residual toxicities > grade 1)

          -  Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents

          -  Patients with known brain metastases should be excluded from this clinical trial
             because of their poor prognosis and because they often develop progressive neurologic
             dysfunction that would confound the evaluation of neurologic and other adverse events

          -  History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic
             composition to AZD8186 or docetaxel

          -  Patients receiving any medications or substances that are strong inhibitors and/or
             strong or moderate inducers of CYP3A4 are ineligible

          -  Existing bleeding or condition associated with increased risk of bleeding (including
             requirement for chronic anticoagulation)

          -  Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active
             infection, uncontrolled hypertension, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable
             angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that
             would limit compliance with study requirements

          -  Pregnant women are excluded from this study; breastfeeding should be discontinued if
             the mother is treated with AZD8186; these potential risks may also apply to other
             agents used in this study

          -  HIV-patients positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are NOT excluded from
             this study, but Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients must have:

               -  A stable regimen of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) that does not
                  include strong inhibitors and strong or moderate inducers of CYP3A4

               -  No requirement for concurrent antibiotics or antifungal agents for the prevention
                  of opportunistic infections

               -  A CD4 count above 250 cells/mcL and an undetectable HIV viral load on standard
                  polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based test