The trial consists of two parts:
PHASE I Part 1 is a phase I trial examining the combination of paclitaxel, carboplatin,
durvalumab and oleclumab in order to define the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of oleclumab
in this treatment combination.
The period for DLT evaluation is defined as the time from receiving the first dose of
oleclumab until the planned administration of the third dose; this corresponds to 28 days
after receiving the first dose of oleclumab in case no treatment interruption occured.
Patients who develop a DLT will stop study treatment permanently.
PHASE II Part 2 is a multicenter, randomized, open-label trial investigating the role of an
anti-CD73 monoclonal antibody (oleclumab) in combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody
(durvalumab) plus chemotherapy (paclitaxel + carboplatin) as first-line treatment for locally
recurrent inoperable or metastatic TNBC.
Patients will be randomized between chemotherapy (paclitaxel and carboplatin) with
immunotherapy including durvalumab with or without oleclumab (1:1 ratio).
PHASE I and PHASE II
Paclitaxel and carboplatin will be given weekly for a total of 12 injections. Immunotherapy
(durvalumab with or without oleclumab) will be given as long as the patient benefits.
Premature discontinuation of paclitaxel/carboplatin or discontinuation of
durvalumab/oleclumab is indicated in case of:
- Progressive disease (PD) using RECIST v1.1 criteria or iRECIST assessed locally
- Unacceptable toxicity
- Intercurrent illness that necessitates discontinuation of study treatment
- Investigator's decision to withdraw the subject
- Pregnancy
- Subject noncompliance with the study treatment or procedure requirements
- Withdrawal of consent to treatment
- Death
- Administrative reasons requiring cessation of study treatment.
Initial disease status will be evaluated by imaging studies (contrast-enhanced CT scan of the
chest, the abdomen and the pelvis or MRI of the chest, the abdomen and the pelvis) during the
screening phase. Disease status will be followed by imaging studies at weeks 8 (± 3 days), 16
(± 3 days) and 24 (± 3 days) post start of treatment (allowing efficacy data to be captured
as close to 24 weeks post start of study treatment as possible for a more accurate evaluation
of DCR). Thereafter imaging will continue every 12 weeks (± 3 days; contrast-enhanced CT scan
or MRI) independent of any treatment delays.
Patients who stopped all study treatments for reasons other than PD will continue
post-treatment imaging studies for disease status follow-up as described in the schedule of
assessment until verified PD, start of a new anti-cancer treatment, withdrawal of consent to
study participation, death, or end of the study whichever comes first.
Note: Pseudo-progression related to immunotherapy: Patients experiencing PD as defined by
RECIST v1.1 can continue the study treatment in case of good clinical condition assessed by a
stable or even improved ECOG performance status. If the next assessment of tumour burden (8
weeks later) confirms PD (as defined by iRECIST) study treatment must be discontinued.
Unconfirmed PD as defined by iRECIST (iUPD) can only be assigned for the first 2 imaging
assessments (week 8 and week 16) and several times as long as confirmed progression (iCPD) is
not confirmed at the next assessment. If PD is not confirmed, reassessments continue as
originally planned.
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Age of ≥ 18 years
2. Female
3. Life expectancy of a least 12 weeks
4. Body weight above 35kg
5. The locally recurrent or metastatic relapse must be histologically confirmed TNBC in
patients not previously treated with systemic treatment and which cannot be treated
with curative intent. Newly diagnosed patients with de-novo metastatic disease are
eligible
6. Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) negativity (< 1% positive
staining cells in the invasive tumour) determined locally using IHC per ASCO/CAP
criteria
7. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negativity (negative IHC staining
[score 0 or 1] or negative fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH] based on the
ASCO/CAP guidelines and recommendations) and determined locally59 Note: patients
initially diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive and/or HER2-positive breast cancer
OR de novo metastatic patients with a primary tumor hormone receptor-positive (weak
positivity or ER negativity and PR positivity) considered as non-clinically relevant
are eligible if the tumor biopsy obtained from a local recurrence or distant
metastasis site confirms the TNBC disease.
8. Confirmed tumour PD-L1 and CD73 IHC assessment as documented through central testing
of a representative tumour tissue specimen for stratification purposes (only for phase
II)
9. Provision of recurrence/metastatic tissue samples from resections, core-needle
biopsies or excisional, incisional, punch, or forceps biopsies:
- at least 1 FFPE [Formalin-Fixed paraffin-embedded] tumour tissue and 1 frozen
core as a priority, if feasible 2 additional fresh tumour tissue cores should be
collected too)
- Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) (defined as samples that do not preserve tissue
architecture and yield cell suspension and/or smears), brushing, and cell pellets
from cytology samples are not acceptable.
Note 1: If the patient has just performed a metastatic lesion biopsy, she is eligible
only if an archived FFPE tissue sample (or at least 20 unstained slides, freshly cut
for the purposes of the study) of the metastatic lesion is available. In this
situation only, frozen/fresh cores are not mandatory.
Note 2: In case of a de-novo metastatic disease, if a biopsy of a metastatic lesion is
not feasible, the patient is eligible if a biopsy of the primary lesion is available.
10. Provision of an archived FFPE diagnostic biopsy or surgical primary breast tumour
sample (or at least 20 unstained slides, freshly cut for the purposes of the study).
Note: In case of neoadjuvant treatment (before surgery), the diagnostic biopsy is
preferable.
11. At least 6 months elapsed between the completion of treatment with curative intent
(e.g., the date of primary breast tumour surgery or the date of last adjuvant
chemotherapy administration, whichever occurred last) and first documented local or
distant disease recurrence (NOTE: not applicable for de-novo metastatic disease)
12. At least one measurable disease based on RECIST v1.1. Tumour lesions in a previously
irradiated area are considered measurable, if progression has been demonstrated in
such lesions
13. Adequate organ function:
1. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1500/μl (without the addition of growth
factors)
2. Platelets [PLT] ≥ 100000/μl (without the addition of growth factors/prior
transfusions)
3. Hemoglobin (Hb) ≥ 10 g/dl (without the addition of growth factors/prior
transfusions)
4. Creatinine ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) OR estimated glomerular filtration
rate (eGFR) ≥ 60 ml/min as calculated using the method standard for the
institution. If eGFR is lower than 60 ml/min, a 24-hour urine creatinine
clearance can be performed to rule out an underestimation of the eGFR.
5. Total serum bilirubin (TBL) ≤ 1.5 x ULN unless the subject has documented Gilbert
syndrome in which case up to 3 x ULN is acceptable
6. Aspartate and alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ≤ 2.5 x ULN unless liver
metastases are present, in which case it must be ≤ 5 x ULN
7. International Normalized Ratio (INR) ≤ 1.5 x ULN unless subject is receiving
anticoagulant therapy as long as INR and activated partial thromboplastin time
(aPTT) is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants
14. Performance status (PS) of 0 or 1 on the ECOG Performance scale
15. Female subjects of childbearing potential (FSCP) must be willing to use one highly
effective method of contraception (detailed at protocol section 6.6.) for the course
of the study through 6 months after the last study drug administration. FSCP must have
a negative serum pregnancy test done within the 28 days before treatment start. FSCP
are those who have not been surgically sterilized or have not been free of menses for
at least 1 year.
16. Absence of any psychological, familial, sociological or geographical condition
potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow-up schedule; those
conditions should be discussed with the patient before registration in the trial
17. Absence of any concurrent illness that would preclude the evaluation of safety
18. Agreement to provide tissue and blood samples for research purposes
19. Written informed consent must be given according to ICH/GCP, and national/local
regulations before patient enrolment
20. Applicable to France only: Affiliated to the French Social Security System
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Active or prior documented autoimmune or inflammatory disorders (including
inflammatory bowel disease [e.g., colitis or Crohn's disease], diverticulitis [with
the exception of diverticulosis], systemic lupus erythematosus, Sarcoidosis syndrome,
or Wegener syndrome [granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Graves' disease, rheumatoid
arthritis, hypophysitis, uveitis, etc]). The following are exceptions to this
criterion:
1. Patients with vitiligo or alopecia
2. Patients with hypothyroidism (e.g., following Hashimoto syndrome) stable on
hormone replacement
3. Any chronic skin condition that does not require systemic therapy
4. Patients without active disease in the last 5 years may be included but only
after consultation with the study physician
5. Patients with celiac disease controlled by diet alone
2. Current or prior treatment with immunosuppressive medication within 14 days prior to
enrolment. The following are exceptions to this criterion:
1. Intranasal, inhaled, topical steroids, or local steroid injections (e.g., intra
articular injection)
2. Systemic corticosteroids at physiologic doses not to exceed 10 mg/day of
prednisone or its equivalent
3. Steroids as premedication for hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., CT scan
premedication
3. Any live, attenuated vaccine administered within 28 days prior to enrolment or
anticipation that such a live attenuated vaccine will be required during the study
4. Chronic daily treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (occasional
use for the symptomatic relief of medical conditions, for example, headache, fever is
allowed)
5. Active infection including
1. Tuberculosis (TB) (clinical evaluation that includes clinical history, physical
examination and radiographic findings, and TB testing in line with local
practice)
2. Hepatitis B (known positive HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) result). Patients with a
past or resolved HBV infection (defined as the presence of hepatitis B core
antibody [anti-HBc] and absence of HBsAg) are eligible.
3. Hepatitis C. Patients positive for hepatitis C (HCV) antibody are eligible only
if polymerase chain reaction is negative for HCV RNA.
4. Human immunodeficiency virus (positive HIV 1/2 antibodies).
6. Treatment with systemic immunostimulatory agents, including but not limited to,
interferon (IFN)-alpha, IFN-beta, interleukin (IL)-2, conjugated IL-2 cytokines within
42 days or five half-lives of the drug, whichever is longer, prior to screening
7. Previous treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g. anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1
including durvalumab, anti-Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated molecule-4), anti-CD73
antibodies, adenosine A2A receptor antagonists, or prior treatment with CD137
agonists/OX-40 agonists or any other antibody or drug targeting T-cell co-stimulation
or other immunomodulatory therapies
8. Any unresolved toxicity NCI CTCAE Grade ≥ 2 from previous anticancer therapy with the
exception of alopecia, vitiligo and the laboratory values defined in the inclusion
criteria
9. Known hypersensitivity reactions to the study drugs or to any of the excipients,
premedications (acetaminophen/paracetamol, diphenhydramine or equivalent antihistamine
and methylprednisolone or equivalent glucocorticoid) and to other platinum containing
compounds
10. Untreated central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis.
Subjects with previously treated brain metastases with local treatment (stereotactic
radiosurgery or whole brain radiation therapy) may participate provided they have
stable brain metastases on a recent brain MRI (performed during the 2 weeks prior
inclusion) and have measurable disease outside the CNS.
Note: Known brain metastases are considered active (and not eligible for trial), if
any of the following criteria are applicable:
1. Recent brain imaging demonstrates progression of existing and/or appearance of
new lesions
2. Neurological symptoms attributed to brain metastases have not returned to
baseline
3. Steroids were used for management of symptoms related to brain metastases within
14 days of enrolment
4. Completion of local therapy for brain metastases within 28 days of enrolment
11. Major surgical procedure (as defined by the principal investigator) within 28 days
prior to enrolment. Note: Local surgery of isolated lesions for palliative intent is
acceptable.
12. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness, including but not limited to,
1. Symptomatic congestive heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina
pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia. Patients previously treated with anthracyclines are
eligible if a recent cardiac work up (< 6 months) demonstrated a normal left
ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF≥50%).
2. Interstitial lung disease
3. Serious chronic gastrointestinal conditions associated with diarrhoea
4. Psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study
requirement, substantially increase risk of incurring AEs or compromise the
ability of the patient to give written informed consent
13. Past medical conditions, including,
1. Class II-IV congestive heart failure
2. Myocardial infarction within 12 months prior enrolment,
3. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or thrombo-embolic event within 12 months prior to
enrolment
4. History of stroke or transient ischemic attack requiring medical therapy
5. Intra-abdominal inflammatory process within the last 12 months prior to enrolment
such as, but not limited to, diverticulitis, peptic ulcer disease, or colitis
6. History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia (e.g.
bronchiolitis obliterans), drug-induced pneumonitis, idiopathic pneumonitis, or
evidence of active pneumonitis
7. History of another primary malignancy except for malignancy treated with curative
intent and with no known active disease ≥5 years before the first dose of IP and
of low potential risk for recurrence, adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer
or lentigo maligna without evidence of disease, adequately treated carcinoma in
situ without evidence of disease
8. Status post allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or solid organ transplantation
14. Pregnant or lactating women.
15. Applicable to France only: Vulnerable persons according to the article L.1121-6 of the
Public Health Code, adults who are the subjects of a measure of legal protection or
unable to express their consent according to article L.1121-8 of the Public Health
Code
