This is a Phase I/II clinical trial. A Phase I clinical trial tests the safety of an
investigational intervention and also tries to define the appropriate dose of the
investigational intervention to use for further studies. "Investigational" means that the
intervention is being studied. It also means that the FDA (the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration) has not approved the combination of Olaparib and Sapacitabine as a treatment
for any disease.
The FDA (the U.S. Food and Drug Administration) has approved Olaparib as a treatment for
metastatic HER2 negative breast cancer with a BRCA mutation. Olaparib is an inhibitor of PARP
(poly [adenosine diphosphate-ribose] polymerase), which means that it stops PARP from
working. PARP is an enzyme (a type of protein) found in the cells of the body. In normal
cells when DNA is damaged, PARP helps to repair the damage.
The FDA has not approved Sapacitabine for use in patients including people with this type of
cancer. Sapacitabine and drugs of its class have been shown to have antitumor properties in
many types of cancer, e.g., leukemia, lung, breast, ovarian, pancreatic and bladder cancer.
Sapacitabine may help to stop the growth of some types of cancers.
In this research study, the investigators are evaluating the safety and effectiveness of
Olaparib in combination with Sapacitabine in BRCA mutant breast cancer.
Inclusion Criteria:
- Histologically or cytologically confirmed breast cancer that is metastatic or
unresectable.
- Documented germline mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 that is predicted to be deleterious or
suspected deleterious (known or predicted to be detrimental/lead to loss of function).
Testing may be completed by any CLIA-certified laboratory.
- Patients with estrogen and/or progesterone receptor-positive disease must have
received and progressed on at least one endocrine therapy (adjuvant or metastatic), or
have disease that the treating physician believes to be inappropriate for endocrine
therapy.
- Patients with HER2-positive disease must have received and progressed on two lines of
HER2-directed therapy in the metastatic setting.
- Age ≥ 18 years
- ECOG performance status of 0-1 (please see Appendix A).
- Participants enrolling to the phase I portion of the study must have evaluable or
measurable disease; participants enrolling to the phase II portion of the study must
have measurable disease per RECIST 1.1 criteria (please see Section 11).
- Adequate organ and bone marrow function as defined below:
- Hemoglobin ≥ 10 g/dL
- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 × 109/L
- Platelet count ≥ 100 × 109/L
- Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 × institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
- AST(SGOT) / ALT (SGPT) ≤ 2.5 × institutional ULN, OR
- AST(SGOT) / ALT (SGPT) ≤ 5 × institutional ULN if liver metastases are present
- Creatinine Clearance estimated (using the Cockcroft-Gault equation) of ≥ 51
mL/min
- Ability to understand and willingness to sign an informed consent document.
- Ability to swallow and retain oral study medication.
- Female participants must be postmenopausal or must have a negative serum pregnancy
test performed during screening. Postmenopausal is defined as:
- Amenorrhoeic for 1 year or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal
treatments
- Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in the
postmenopausal range for women under 50.
- Radiation-induced oophorectomy with last menses >1 year ago
- Chemotherapy-induced menopause with >1 year interval since last menses
- Status post surgical sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy)
- The effects of sapacitabine and olaparib on the developing human fetus are unknown.
For this reason, women of child-bearing potential must agree to use two highly
effective forms of contraception for the duration of study participation and 6 months
after the last dose of sapacitabine and/or olaparib. Men must agree to use two highly
effective forms of contraception for the duration of study participation and 3 months
after the last dose of sapacitabine and/or olaparib. A list of acceptable methods is
listed in Section 5.5.3.4.
- Participants must be willing and able to comply with the protocol for the duration of
the study, including undergoing treatment and scheduled visits and examinations.
- Participants enrolling to the phase II portion of the trial must be willing to undergo
a biopsy at baseline; if their disease is not accessible for biopsy they are still
eligible to participate.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Any previous treatment with a PARP inhibitor, including but not limited to olaparib.
- Any previous treatment with sapacitabine.
- Patients who have had prior systemic chemotherapy, immune therapy, or investigational
therapy within 3 weeks of study entry. Endocrine therapy must have been discontinued
at least 7 days prior to Cycle 1 Day 1. Patients may receive bisphosphonates or
denosumab during the study.
- Patients who have received prior radiotherapy within 1 week of study entry.
- Participants with active pneumonitis.
- Patients who have undergone major surgery or have ongoing persistent toxicities within
2 weeks prior to study entry. Patients must have recovered to baseline or ≤ Grade 1
from any effects of any major surgery prior to study entry with the exception of any
grade of alopecia and persistent grade ≤ 2 peripheral neuropathy
- For enrollment during phase II: patients who have received more than 3 prior lines of
cytotoxic chemotherapy for metastatic disease. Prior treatments with hormonal therapy
and non-hormonal targeted therapy are allowed and not counted as a prior line of
cytotoxic chemotherapy. For the purposes of this protocol, the combination of an
aromatase inhibitor and everolimus is not considered cytotoxic chemotherapy.
- Patients with a history of treated central nervous system (CNS) metastases are
eligible, provided they meet all of the following criteria:
- Disease outside the CNS is present
- No clinical evidence of progression in the CNS since completion of CNS-directed
therapy
- Minimum of 2 weeks between completion of radiotherapy and Cycle 1 Day 1
- Recovery from significant (≥ Grade 3) acute toxicity with no requirement for
escalating doses of corticosteroid over the 7 days prior to treatment start.
- Participants requiring concomitant use of known strong CYP3A inhibitors (e.g.
itraconazole, telithromycin, clarithromycin, protease inhibitors boosted with
ritonavir or cobicistat, indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, boceprevir,
telaprevir) or moderate CYP3A inhibitors (e.g. ciprofloxacin, erythromycin,
diltiazem, fluconazole, verapamil). The required washout period prior to study
entry is 2 weeks.
- Participants requiring concomitant use of known strong (e.g. phenobarbital,
enzalutamide, phenytoin, rifampicin, rifabutin, rifapentine, carbamazepine, nevirapine
and St John's Wort) or moderate CYP3A inducers (e.g. bosentan, efavirenz, modafinil).
The required washout period prior to study entry is 5 weeks for enzalutamide or
phenobarbital and 3 weeks for other agents.
- Participants with a QTcF of >470 msec on screening ECG.
- Participants with a personal or family history of long QT syndrome.
- Pregnant women are excluded from this study because olaparib and sapacitabine are
agents with the potential for teratogenic or abortifacient effects. Because there is
an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to
treatment of the mother with the study agents, breastfeeding should be discontinued if
the mother is treated with olaparib or sapacitabine and for one month after receiving
the last dose.
- Participants with known active Hepatitis B, C, or known HIV positive status.
- Participants unable to swallow orally administered medication and participants with
gastrointestinal disorders that are likely to interfere with absorption of the study
medications in the opinion of the treating investigator (e.g. malabsorption syndrome
or major stomach or bowel resections).
- History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic
composition to sapacitabine or olaparib.
- Patients with a history of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
or with features suggestive of MDS/AML.
- History of a previous allogeneic bone marrow transplant or double umbilical cord blood
transplantation.
- Patients with a history of a second primary malignancy, with the following exceptions:
adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancers, curatively treated in situ cancer of the
cervix, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of the breast, stage 1 grade 1 endometrial
carcinoma, and any other solid tumor or lymphoma (without bone marrow involvement)
diagnosed ≥ 5 years prior to study entry and treated with no evidence of disease
recurrence; other exceptions may exist following agreement with the principal
investigator who believes disease recurrence is unlikely.
- Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active
infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac
arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with
study requirements.
- Participants who are involved in the planning and/or conduct of the study (applies to
both pharmaceutical company staff and/or staff at the study site).
