Histiocytic disorders are diseases caused by misfunctioning or buildup of particular immune
cells called histiocytes. Many histiocytic disorders (LCH, juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG),
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), and Rosai-Dorfman Disease (RDD)) arises from blood cells that
receive incorrect growth signals. These incorrect signals are caused by changes in genes
(mutations) that lead to tissue damage (lesions) which causes disease. Some patients with LCH
can develop neurodegeneration (LCH-ND) which is damage to neurons that results in reduced
brain function, from LCH cells that go to the brain and activate inflammation. LCH arises
from blood cells that receive incorrect growth signals. These incorrect signals are caused by
mutations (changes in genes). The LCH blood cells can create changes in the structure of
almost any organ, and can cause damage to normal organ function.
The purpose of this research study is to learn whether cobimetinib is safe and effective in
subjects diagnosed with LCH, LCH-ND, RDD, JXG and ECD which may have a specfic mutation
called BRAF-V600E. In healthy cells, certain proteins (called BRAF and MEK) are thought to
help control normal cell growth. BRAF-V600E is a specific change in a gene that may cause
cancer cells to grow and spread by sending constant signals to the MEK protein. Cobimetinib
is designed to attach to and block the activity of MEK.
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
- For Group 1: Participant must be less than 30 years of age at the time of enrollment
- For Group 2: Participant may be any age at the time of enrollment
- For Group 3: Participant must be less than 30 years of age at the time of enrollment
- For Group 4: Participant must be 30 years of age or older at the time of enrollment
- Participant must be able to take an enteral dose and formulation of medication. Study
medication is only available as an oral suspension or tablet which may be taken by
mouth or other enteral route such as nasogastric or gastric tube.
- Biopsy proven LCH -AND
- Failure of at least front-line therapy for high-risk LCH with evaluable disease. -OR
- Failure of at least second-line therapy for low-risk LCH with evaluable disease. -OR
- Diagnosis of LCH-associated neurodegenerative disease with radiologic or clinical
progression within the past 3 months. -OR
- Biopsy proven JXG, ECD, RDD, histiocytic sarcoma, or other histiocytic lesion (newly
diagnosed or relapsed/refractory disease) with evaluable active disease.
Performance Level:
-Karnofsky ≥ 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky ≥ 50% for patients ≤ 16 years of
age.
Adequate Hematologic Function Defined as:
- ANC ≥ 0.75 x 10^9/L (unsupported/without growth factor stimulant)
- Platelet count ≥ 75 x 10^9/L (unsupported/without transfusion within the past 7 days).
- Patients with marrow disease must have platelet count of >/= 75 x 10^9/L (transfusion
support allowed) and must not be refractory to platelet transfusions.
- Hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dL (unsupported/without transfusion within the past 7 days)
- Patients with marrow disease must have hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dL (transfusion support
allowed).
Adequate Renal Function Defined as:
- Calculated creatinine clearance (or radioisotope GFR) ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73m^2 or serum
creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) Age 2 to < 6 years: Male 0.8 mg/d, Female 0.8; 6 to < 10
years: Male 1 mg/dL,Female 1; 10 to < 13 years: Male 1.2 mg/dL; Female 1.2; 13 to < 16
years: Male 1.5 mg/dL ; Female 1.4;
≥ 16 years: Male 1.7 mg/dL; Female 1.4;
Adequate Liver Function Defined as:
- Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for
age
- AST and ALT ≤ 2.5x ULN for age.
- Serum albumin ≤ 2 g/dL.
For patients with liver disease caused by histiocytic disorder:
• Patients may be enrolled with abnormal bilirubin, AST, ALT and albumin with documentation
of histiocytic liver disease.
Adequate Cardiac Function Defined as:
- Fractional shortening (FS) of ≥ 30% or ejection fraction of ≥ 50% by echocardiogram at
baseline, as determined by echocardiography or multigated acquisition scan (MUGA)
within 21 days prior to study database registration. Depending on institutional
standard, either FS or LVEF is adequate for enrollment if only one value is measured;
if both values are measured, then both values must meet criteria above
- Female patients of childbearing potential require a negative urine or serum pregnancy
test for eligibility and again at database registration, if more than 2 weeks has
elapsed.
- Female patients of childbearing potential must agree to follow the contraceptive
requirements using two forms of effective contraceptive methods for the duration of
the study treatment.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
- Prior and Concomitant Use of Drugs with CYP3A4 inducing/inhibiting activity: Patient
taking strong inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4 within 14 days prior to study enrollment,
including but not limited to the following: erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole,
azithromycin, itraconazole, grapefruit juice or St. John's wort.
- Prior Therapy Restrictions Completion of previous chemotherapy, immunotherapy,
radiotherapy, or targeted therapy for LCH (or other histiocytic disorder) at least 28
days (except where specified below) prior to study database registration, with
resolution of all associated toxicity to ≤ Grade 1 prior to study enrollment
(exception for alopecia and ototoxicity which do not need to be resolved ≤ Grade 1).
Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior
anti-cancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior
anti-cancer directed therapy prior to enrollment. If after the required timeframe, the
laboratory eligibility criteria are met, the patient is considered to have recovered
adequately.
- Radiation therapy within the last 28 days.
- Any prior treatment with Cobimetinib.
- Treatment with a long-acting hematopoietic growth factor within 14 days prior to
initiation of study drug or a short-acting hematopoietic growth factor within 7
days prior to database registration.
- Treatment with hormonal therapy (except hormone replacement therapy or oral
contraceptives), immunotherapy, biologic therapy, investigational therapy, or
herbal cancer therapy within 28 days or < 5 half-lives, whichever is longer,
prior to database registration.
- Treatment with high-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue (autologous stem cell
transplant) or allogeneic stem cell transplant within 90 days prior to study
database registration. Anti-GVHD agents post-transplant: Patients who are
receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent graft-versus-host
disease post bone marrow transplant are not eligible for this trial.
- For patients with brain tumors (intracranial masses), use of anticoagulants
within 7 days prior to study database registration.
- Corticosteroid therapy <0.5 mg/kg/day averaged during the month prior to study
database registration is permissible but must be discontinued fourteen (14) days
prior to prior to study database registration. Patients with documented brain
lesions receiving corticosteroids for management of cerebral edema must be on a
stable dose for fourteen (14) days prior to study database registration.
- Patient has received treatment with investigational therapy within 4 weeks prior
to initiation of study drug.
- Exclusions for other illness
- Other active malignancy or history of secondary malignancy.
- Refractory nausea and vomiting, malabsorption, external biliary shunt
- Infection: Patients who have a known active infection (excluding documented
fungal infection of the nail beds) within 28 days prior to study database
registration that has not completely resolved.
- Major surgical procedure or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to
study database registration, or anticipation of need for major surgical procedure
during the course of the study. Placement of a vascular access device or minor
surgery is permitted within fourteen (14) days of study enrollment (provided that
the wound has healed).
- History of significant bowel resection that would preclude adequate absorption or
other significant malabsorptive disease.
- History of pneumonitis.
- Ophthalmologic considerations: Patients with known significant ophthalmologic
conditions or known risk factors for retinal vein occlusion are not eligible.
Specifically, patients with a history of retinal vein occlusion (RVO), retinal
detachment, retinal pathology on ophthalmologic exam, retinopathy of prematurity,
central serous chorioretinopathy (CSSCR), neovascular retinopathy, intraocular
pressure > 21 mmHg, and predisposing factors to RVO (e.g., uncontrolled
hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia, coagulopathy) will be excluded.
Patients with longstanding and stable ophthalmologic findings secondary to
existing conditions are eligible with appropriate documentation and approval from
Study (Co)Chair and Coordinating Center.
- History of solid organ transplantation: Patients who have received a prior solid
organ transplantation are not eligible.
- Any other disease, metabolic or psychological dysfunction, physical examination
finding, or clinical laboratory finding giving reasonable suspicion of a disease
or condition that in the opinion of the investigator contraindicates use of an
investigational drug or places the patient at unacceptable risk from treatment
complications.
- History of clinically significant cardiac dysfunction, including the following:
- Clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias including brady-arrhythmias and/or
patients who require anti-arrhythmic therapy (with the exception of beta blockers
or digoxin). Patients with controlled atrial fibrillation are not excluded.
- Unstable arrhythmia
- Unstable angina, or new-onset angina within 3 months prior to initiation of study
treatment
- Symptomatic congestive heart failure, defined as New York Heart Association Class
II or higher
- Myocardial infarction within 3 months prior to initiation of study treatment
- Known chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- History of Grade ≥ 2 CNS hemorrhage or history of any CNS hemorrhage within 28 days of
study entry.
- Female patients who are pregnant or lactating. Pregnant or lactating women will not be
entered on this study because there is no available information regarding human fetal
or teratogenic toxicities.
