Seventy to 80% of breast cancers have a basal gene expression profile which is characterized
by homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and high proliferation. HRD leads to
upregulation of the activity of the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) error-prone pathway
that repairs DNA double strand breaks, a process required for TNBC survival. The hypothesis
of this pilot trial is that administration of bortezomib will inhibit NHEJ in metastatic TNBC
leading at the time of disease progression to metastases that are HR-deficient and sensitive
to pembrolizumab and cisplatin therapy. A patient with an exceptional complete and durable
response of her primary-refractory metastatic TNBC with PI3K pathway inhibition followed at
disease progression by nab paclitaxel/cisplatin provides the clinical rationale for the
present trial which will utilize bortezomib to inhibit HR proficiency prior to administration
of pembrolizumab and cisplatin in pretreated metastatic TNBC patients.
Patients will receive bortezomib until PD, followed by pembrolizumab and cisplatin until PD
or a maximum of 6 cycles on study. If patients are responding, they may continue
pembrolizumab at the physician's discretion off study. Metastatic TNBC patients will undergo
core needle biopsies of a metastatic lesion at study entry and at disease progression from
bortezomib for NGS, RPPA, and other molecular analyses.
Patients whose disease does not respond to pembrolizumab and cisplatin may be treated with
standard of care breast cancer therapies off study, at the recommendation of the treating
physician.
Inclusion Criteria:
- A patient will be eligible for inclusion in this study if she meets all of the
following criteria:
1. Female patients ≥18 years of age
2. Have a diagnosis of metastatic TNBC previously treated with standard
anthracycline, cyclophosphamide, and taxane chemotherapy, unless there was a
contraindication to doxorubicin, in which case prior treatment with this agent is
not required. NOTE: TNBC defined as ER-negative tumors with < or = 10% tumor
nuclei immunoreactivity, or "ER Low Positive" as defined by the updated ASCO/CAP
guidelines 2020.
3. Have not received more than 3 prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease.
Prior platinum and/or taxane therapy in the adjuvant or metastatic setting is
permitted.
4. Have locoregional (eg, breast, chest wall, regional lymphatic) or pulmonary or
hepatic metastatic disease that is amenable to core needle biopsy. If a research
biopsy from a patient's metastatic disease cannot be safely obtained, a skin
biopsy is permitted. If a skin biopsy cannot be safely obtained, patients may
still be eligible, per physician discretion.
5. Have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1 (See
Appendix I)
6. Have adequate hematologic function, defined by:
1. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >1500/μL
2. Platelet count ≥100,000/μL
3. Hemoglobin ≥9 g/dL or ≥5.6 mmol/L
7. Have adequate liver function, defined by:
1. AST and ALT ≤2.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN) or ≤5 x ULN in presence
of liver metastases
2. Total bilirubin ≤1.5 x ULN OR direct bilirubin ≤ULN for patients with total
bilirubin levels >1.5 × ULN
8. Have adequate renal function, defined by:
a. Serum creatinine ≤1.5 x ULN or calculated creatinine clearance of ≥30 mL/min
9. Have adequate coagulation function, defined by:
1. International Normalized Ratio (INR) OR prothrombin time (PT) and activated
partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) ≤1.5 × ULN.
2. If patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy, PT or aPTT must be within
therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants.
10. Patients who have a history of brain metastasis are eligible for the study
provided that all the following criteria are met:
1. Brain metastases which have been treated
2. Off-treatment with steroids for 2 weeks before administration of the first
dose of bortezomib
3. No ongoing requirement for dexamethasone or anti-epileptic drugs
4. No clinical or radiological evidence of progression of brain metastases
11. Patient must be accessible for treatment and follow-up.
12. All patients must be able to understand the investigational nature of the study
and give written informed consent prior to study entry.
Exclusion Criteria:
- EXCLUSION CRITERIA
A patient will be ineligible for inclusion in this study if she meets any of the following
criteria:
1. Has received a live vaccine within 30 days of the first dose of study treatment. NOTE:
seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally inactivated flu vaccines and
are allowed; however, intranasal influenza vaccines (ie, FluMist ®) are live
attenuated vaccines, and are not allowed.
2. Has an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2
years (ie, with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive
drugs). Replacement therapy (eg, thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid
replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is not considered a form
of systemic therapy.
3. Has a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy
(in dosing exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone equivalent) or any other form of
immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
4. Has a known history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
5. Has known history of Hepatitis B (defined as Hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]
reactive) or known active Hepatitis C virus (defined as HCV RNA [qualitative] is
detected) infection
6. Has a history of non-infectious pneumonitis that required steroids or current
pneumonitis
7. Has peripheral neuropathy ≥grade 2
8. Has completed previous radiotherapy for metastatic disease <2 weeks prior to study
treatment initiation
9. Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy
10. Has significant cardiovascular disease, such as:
1. History of myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, or coronary
angioplasty/stenting/bypass grafting within the last 6 months
2. Congestive heart failure (CHF) New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II-IV, or
history of CHF NYHA class III or IV.
11. Has a known history of active tuberculosis
12. Women who are pregnant or lactating. All patients with reproductive potential must
agree to use effective contraception from time of study entry until at least 3 months
after the last administration of study drug.
13. Patients who have any severe and/or uncontrolled medical conditions or other
conditions that could affect their participation such as:
1. severe impaired lung functions as defined as spirometry and DLCO that is 50% of
the normal predicted value and/or O2 saturation that is 88% or less at rest on
room air
2. liver disease such as cirrhosis or severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class
C).
14. Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality
that might confound the results of the study, interfere with the patient's
participation for the full duration of the study, or is not in the best interest of
the patient to participate, in the opinion of the Treating Physician.
15. Has received prior systemic anti-cancer therapy including investigational agents
within 4 weeks prior to study treatment (this would not include bortezomib while on
study). Monoclonal antibody agents should have a 4-week (28 day) washout period.
16. Any other investigational or anti-cancer treatments while participating in this study
17. Any other active malignancy
