Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Histologically or cytologically confirmed CRC or EGC adenocarcinoma that is locally
             advanced or metastatic

          -  Has received at least one prior line of therapy with progression or intolerance

          -  Have measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1
             criteria present

          -  Have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-1

          -  Life expectancy >= 3 months by investigator assessment

          -  Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL

          -  Absolute neutrophil count >= 1500/mm^3

          -  Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3 without transfusion or growth factor support

          -  Creatinine < 1.5 upper limit of normal (ULN) or creatinine clearance > 60 mL/min

          -  Total bilirubin < 1.5 x ULN

          -  Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 2.5 x ULN or < x 5
             ULN in the presence of liver metastasis

          -  Albumin > 3 g/dL

          -  Ability to swallow oral medications

          -  Participants of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraceptive
             methods (e.g., hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study
             entry. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her
             partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician
             immediately

          -  Participant must understand the investigational nature of this study and sign an
             Independent Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board approved written informed
             consent form prior to receiving any study related procedure

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Systemic antineoplastic therapy within 2 weeks prior to initiation of FTD/TPI run-in
             phase (within the past 6 weeks if this treatment is mitomycin C or nitrosourea)

          -  Radiotherapy within the past 2 weeks excluding palliative radiotherapy to painful bone
             lesions

          -  Prior treatment with PARP inhibitor or FTD/TPI

          -  Any condition that in the investigator's opinion can limit absorption of FTD/TPI or
             talazoparib from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract

          -  Gastrointestinal obstruction (without diversion) or perforation within 4 weeks from
             initiation of FTD/TPI run-in

          -  Refractory ascites (requiring weekly or more frequent paracentesis or permanent
             indwelling peritoneal catheter)

          -  Untreated central nervous system (CNS) disease. Patients with leptomeningeal disease
             are ineligible but patients with treated, stable CNS metastasis for at least 4 weeks
             are allowed to participate

          -  Significant cardiac disease defined as congestive heart failure stage III or IV (New
             York Heart Association [NYHA]), acute coronary event, cerebrovascular event,
             peripheral arterial embolic event, venous thromboembolic event (pulmonary embolism or
             lower extremity deep vein thrombosis), or ventricular arrhythmia within the past 3
             months

          -  Other malignancy requiring active therapy

          -  Presence of toxicities from prior therapy of grade 2 or higher

          -  Active infection requiring antibiotic therapy

          -  Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis B infection or untreated
             hepatitis C infection. Patients with treated hepatitis C infection and undetectable
             viral load are allowed to participate

          -  Any history of myelodysplastic syndrome, acute leukemia, or bone marrow transplant

          -  Pregnant or nursing female participants

          -  Unwilling or unable to follow protocol requirements

          -  Any condition which in the investigator's opinion deems the participant an unsuitable
             candidate to receive study drug