Inclusion Criteria:

          -  Primary refractory or relapsed AML (defined by 2016 World Health Organization [WHO]
             criteria) patients who are not suitable for or not willing to receive intensive
             chemotherapy as evaluated by the treating physician. Primary refractory disease is
             defined as:

               -  Failure to achieve a CR, CRi, or mLFS (defined as <5% Bone Marrow (BM) blasts)
                  after receiving 1 or 2 cycles of remission induction chemotherapy.

               -  Failure to achieve a CR, CRi, or MLFS (defined as <5% BM blasts) after receiving
                  4 cycles of non-intensive chemotherapy or whose disease progressed at any time
                  point during the treatment.

          -  Participants with MDS (according to 2016 WHO criteria) who did not respond to
             treatment with azacitidine, decitabine, or combination of HMA with another drug or
             lost their response to initial therapy with HMA.

          -  Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status <=2

          -  Adequate hepatic (serum total bilirubin < 1.5 x ULN, Serum glutamic pyruvic
             transaminase (SGPT) and/or serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) <2.5 x
             ULN) and renal function (creatinine < 1.5mg/dL).

          -  Participants must be willing and able to review, understand, and provide written
             consent before starting therapy.

        Exclusion Criteria:

          -  Active signs or symptoms of central nervous system (CNS) involvement by malignancy
             (lumbar puncture [LP] not required).

          -  Prior 7+3 remission induction chemotherapy for MDS or AML

          -  More than 2 lines of prior non-intensive therapy.

          -  New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV heart disease, active ischemia or
             any other uncontrolled cardiac condition such as angina pectoris, clinically
             significant cardiac arrhythmia on rhythm control strategy or on pacemaker,
             uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure > 160 systolic and > 110 diastolic not
             responsive to antihypertensive medication)

          -  Acute myocardial infarction in the previous 12 weeks (from the start of treatment).

          -  Any serious medical condition, laboratory abnormality, or psychiatric illness that, in
             the view of the treating physician, would place the participant at an unacceptable
             risk if he or she were to participate in the study or would prevent that person from
             giving informed consent.

          -  Any active malignancy (unrelated, non-hematological malignancy) diagnosed within the
             past 6 months of starting the study drug (other than curatively treated
             carcinoma-in-situ of the cervix or non-melanoma skin cancer).

          -  History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic
             composition to CPX-351.

          -  Subjects with uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to ongoing
             or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris,
             uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would
             limit compliance with study requirements.

          -  Known history of HIV or active hepatitis B or C.

          -  No major surgery within 2 weeks prior to study enrollment.

          -  Pregnant or breast feeding

          -  Male and female participants who are fertile who do not agree to use an effective
             barrier methods of birth control (i.e. abstinence) to avoid pregnancy while receiving
             study treatment and for 30 days after last dose of study treatment. Non-childbearing
             is defined as > 1 year postmenopausal or surgically sterilized.

          -  Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)