Inclusion Criteria:
1. Written informed consent and HIPAA authorization for release of personal health
information prior to registration. NOTE: HIPAA authorization may be included in the
informed consent or obtained separately.
2. Age ≥ 18 years at the time of consent.
3. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 within 7 days
prior to the date of registration.
4. The subject has histologically proven prostate cancer with radiologic evidence of
metastases and at least one of the following:
- Small-cell or NEPC morphology (determined by the enrolling center) on the basis
of tissue sample.
- Prostate adenocarcinoma with greater than 50% IHC staining for neuroendocrine
markers (e.g., chromogranin and synaptophysin).
- Development of liver metastases in the absence of PSA progression, as defined by
Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 criteria.
- Serum chromogranin A level ≥ 5× upper limit of normal (ULN) and/or serum neuron
specific enolase (NSE) ≥ 2× ULN.
5. Subject has adequate organ function as defined in the table below; all screening labs
to be obtained within 10 days prior to Cycle 1 Day 1.
- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1500/mm3without colony stimulating factor
support
- Platelets ≥ 100,000/mm3
- Hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL
- Serum creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN or creatinine clearance (CrCl) ≥ 30 mL/min. For
creatinine clearance estimation, the Cockcroft and Gault equation should be used.
- Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN) OR direct bilirubin ≤ULN for
participants with total bilirubin levels >1.5 × ULN. For subjects with known
Gilbert's disease, bilirubin ≤ 3.0 mg/dL
- Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 2.5 x ULN
if no liver involvement, or ≤ 5 and/or ULN with liver involvement
- International normalized ratio (INR) OR prothrombin time (PT), Activated partial
thromboplastin time (aPTT) ≤1.5 × ULN unless participant is receiving
anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or aPTT is within therapeutic range of
intended use of anticoagulants
- Urine protein < 2+ by urine dipstick
6. A male participant must agree to use of contraception during the treatment period and
for at least 120 days after the last dose of study treatment and refrain from donating
sperm during this period.
7. Projected life expectancy of at least 6 months as determined by treating physician.
8. As determined by the enrolling physician or protocol designee, ability of the subject
to understand and comply with study procedures for the entire length of the study.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Received prior therapy with VEGF-TKI, immune checkpoint inhibitor, an anti-PD-1,
anti-PD-L1, or anti PD L2 agent or with an agent directed to another stimulatory or
co-inhibitory T-cell receptor (eg, CTLA-4, OX 40, CD137).
2. Received prior systemic anti-cancer therapy including investigational agents within 3
weeks prior to registration. NOTE: Participants must have recovered from all AEs due
to previous therapies to ≤ Grade 1 or baseline. Participants with ≤ Grade 2 neuropathy
may be eligible. NOTE: If participant received major surgery, they must have recovered
adequately from the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention prior to
starting study treatment.
3. Received more than two prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic prostate cancer.
Prior therapy with androgen receptor axis targeted agents is allowed but needs to be
discontinued at least 2 weeks prior to study therapy. Prior therapy with Rad-223 or
other radiopharmaceuticals is permitted but study therapy should be started at least 4
weeks after the last dose.
4. Concurrent treatment with anti-androgen medications.
5. Received prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of start of study treatment. Participants
must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require
corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitis. A 1-week washout is permitted
for palliative radiation (≤ 2 weeks of radiotherapy) to non-CNS disease.
6. Currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent
or has used an investigational device within 3 weeks prior to the first dose of study
treatment. NOTE: Participants who have entered the follow-up phase of an
investigational study may participate as long as it has been 3 weeks after the last
dose of the previous investigational agent.
7. Uncontrolled blood pressure (Systolic BP>140 mmHg or diastolic BP >90 mmHg) despite an
optimized regimen of antihypertensive medication.
8. Presence of non-healing wounds after surgical procedures.
9. Known active CNS metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis. Participants with
previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they are radiologically
stable, i.e. without evidence of progression for at least 4 weeks by repeat imaging
(note that the repeat imaging should be performed during study screening), clinically
stable and without requirement of steroid treatment for at least 14 days prior to
first dose of study treatment.
10. Received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study drug. Examples
of live vaccines include, but are not limited to, the following: measles, mumps,
rubella, varicella/zoster (chicken pox), yellow fever, rabies, Bacillus
Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and typhoid vaccine. Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection
are generally killed virus vaccines and are allowed; however, intranasal influenza
vaccines (eg, FluMist®) are live attenuated vaccines and are not allowed.
11. Significant cardiovascular impairment: history of congestive heart failure greater
than New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II, unstable angina, myocardial
infarction or stroke within 6 months of the first dose of study drug, or cardiac
arrhythmia requiring medical treatment at Screening.
12. Bleeding or thrombotic disorders or subjects at risk for severe hemorrhage. The degree
of tumor invasion/infiltration of major blood vessels (e.g. carotid artery) should be
considered because of the potential risk of severe hemorrhage associated with tumor
shrinkage/necrosis following lenvatinib therapy.
13. Subjects having > 1+ proteinuria on urine dipstick testing unless a 24-hour urine
collection for quantitative assessment indicates that the urine protein is <1 g/24
hours.
14. Diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy (in
dosing exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone equivalent) or any other form of
immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
15. Severe hypersensitivity (≥ Grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients.
16. Severe hypersensitivity (≥ Grade 3) to lenvatinib and/or any of its excipients.
17. Active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years
(i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive
drugs). Replacement therapy (eg., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid
replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a
form of systemic treatment. Replacement steroids for adrenal insufficiency or daily
dose equivalent of 10 mg prednisone are allowed
18. History of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or has current
pneumonitis.
19. Active infection requiring systemic therapy.
20. Known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active treatment
within the past 3 years. NOTE: Participants with basal cell carcinoma of the skin,
squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or carcinoma in situ (e.g. breast carcinoma,
cervical cancer in situ) that have undergone potentially curative therapy are not
excluded. Subjects with other solid tumors treated curatively and without evidence of
recurrence for at least 2 years prior to enrollment may be eligible for study after
discussion with the sponsor-investigator.
21. Known history of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). NOTE: HIV testing is not required
unless mandated by a local health authority.
22. Known history of Hepatitis B (defined as Hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] reactive)
or known active Hepatitis C virus (defined as HCV RNA [qualitative] is detected)
infection. NOTE: Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C testing is not required unless clinical
history indicates that this is likely.
23. Known history of active TB (Bacillus Tuberculosis).
