Clinical Trials /

Subcutaneous Daratumumab, Once Weekly Carfilzomib, and Dexamethasone (DKd) in Patients With High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma

NCT04933539

Description:

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a tumor in which malignant plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow. It can cause organ damage and is not curable. Researchers want to see if a combination drug treatment can help. Objective: To try to prevent or slow down developing MM and its associated organ damage by treating it while still in the smoldering phase with a mix of drugs known as DKd. Eligibility: People ages 18 and older with smoldering MM that is at high risk of converting to symptomatic MM. Design: Participants will be screened with: Medical history Physical exam Blood and urine tests Bone survey (x-rays of their bones) Spinal magnetic resonance imaging Bone marrow biopsy (a needle is used to remove bone marrow from their hipbone) Electrocardiogram (to check heart function) Lung function tests Treatment will be given in 28-day cycles. Participants will get daratumumab by injection under the skin. They will get carfilzomib intravenously (IV) through a tube inserted in a vein. They will get dexamethasone as oral tablets or as an IV. They will get all 3 drugs for 8 or 12 cycles. Then they will get daratumumab alone for up to 24 cycles. They may have stem cells collected. Participants will have frequent study visits. At these visits, they will repeat some screening tests. They will complete questionnaires. They will have imaging scans. For these scans, they may receive an oral or IV contrast. Participants will have a follow-up visit 30 days after treatment ends. Then they will have visits every 3-12 months. They will be followed on this study for life.

Related Conditions:
  • Smoldering Plasma Cell Myeloma
Recruiting Status:

Not yet recruiting

Phase:

Phase 2

Trial Eligibility

Document

Title

  • Brief Title: Subcutaneous Daratumumab, Once Weekly Carfilzomib, and Dexamethasone (DKd) in Patients With High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma
  • Official Title: A Phase 2 Adaptive Study of Subcutaneous Daratumumab, Once Weekly Carfilzomib, and Dexamethasone (DKd) in Patients With High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma

Clinical Trial IDs

  • ORG STUDY ID: 210024
  • SECONDARY ID: 21-C-0024
  • NCT ID: NCT04933539

Conditions

  • Multiple Myeloma

Interventions

DrugSynonymsArms
DexamethasoneArm 1
CarfilzomibArm 1
DaratumumabArm 1

Purpose

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a tumor in which malignant plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow. It can cause organ damage and is not curable. Researchers want to see if a combination drug treatment can help. Objective: To try to prevent or slow down developing MM and its associated organ damage by treating it while still in the smoldering phase with a mix of drugs known as DKd. Eligibility: People ages 18 and older with smoldering MM that is at high risk of converting to symptomatic MM. Design: Participants will be screened with: Medical history Physical exam Blood and urine tests Bone survey (x-rays of their bones) Spinal magnetic resonance imaging Bone marrow biopsy (a needle is used to remove bone marrow from their hipbone) Electrocardiogram (to check heart function) Lung function tests Treatment will be given in 28-day cycles. Participants will get daratumumab by injection under the skin. They will get carfilzomib intravenously (IV) through a tube inserted in a vein. They will get dexamethasone as oral tablets or as an IV. They will get all 3 drugs for 8 or 12 cycles. Then they will get daratumumab alone for up to 24 cycles. They may have stem cells collected. Participants will have frequent study visits. At these visits, they will repeat some screening tests. They will complete questionnaires. They will have imaging scans. For these scans, they may receive an oral or IV contrast. Participants will have a follow-up visit 30 days after treatment ends. Then they will have visits every 3-12 months. They will be followed on this study for life.

Detailed Description

      Background:

      Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is a precursor condition to MM defined by the clinical
      parameters of M-protein >=3.0 g/dL or bone marrow plasma cells >=10%, and absence of end
      organ disease.

      Patients with high-risk SMM have a risk of progression to MM of 72-75% in 5 years with median
      time to progression of <2 years.

      The current standard of care for SMM is close follow-up without treatment, until symptomatic
      MM develops. However, International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) recommends Preventive
      clinical trials need to be considered for patients with high risk smoldering myeloma.

      Carfilzomib is a proteasome inhibitor and daratumumab is an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody,
      both with potent anti-MM effects.

      Objectives:

      To assess the remission rate of daratumumab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone (DKd) in patients
      with high-risk (HR) smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) by determining the minimal residual
      disease (MRD) negative complete response (CR) rate by up to 12 cycles of induction therapy
      using flow cytometry.

      Eligibility:

      SMM according to the IMWG definition; i.e.:

      Serum M-protein >=3 g/dl and/or bone marrow plasma cells >=10 % and <60%

      Absence of anemia: Hemoglobin >10 g/dl

      Absence of renal failure: serum creatinine <2.0 mg/dL.

      Absence of hypercalcemia: Ca <10.5 mg/dl or 2.65 mmol/L

      Absence of lytic bone lesions

      <=1 focal lesion on MRI

      Involved/un-involved light chain ratio <100

      High-risk SMM per Mayo Clinic, Spanish PETHEMA, or the Rajkumar, Landgren, Mateos criteria

      Age >18 years

      Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2

      Adequate laboratory parameters

      Design:

      Single arm trial of combination therapy (daratumumab, carfilzomib, and dexamethasone)
      followed by daratumumab maintenance monotherapy (DKd-D) for high-risk SMM

      Participants will receive 8 cycles of DKd induction combination therapy. After 8 cycles,
      participants who have not attained an MRD negative remission will receive 4 additional cycles
      of DKd. Each cycle consists of 28-days.

      After 4 cycles of induction therapy, transplant eligible participants may choose to undergo
      stem cell collection for storage.

      After induction with DKd, participants will receive daratumumab maintenance therapy for 24
      cycles.

      Participants will have routine blood work with SPEP and free light chains at the start of
      each cycle during the induction phase. Laboratory evaluations may be spread out to every 3-6
      months during the maintenance and follow-up phases.

      Pre-treatment, post-treatment and follow-up bone marrow biopsies will be obtained for
      confirmation of diagnosis, response and correlative studies.

      Participants will also undergo evaluation for MRD at regular interval time points, using
      multi-parametric flow cytometry, FDG PET-CT, and Diffusion Weighted Whole Body (DW-MRI).

      The statistical analysis of the primary endpoint, MRD negativity, will be performed at the
      end of induction therapy.
    

Trial Arms

NameTypeDescriptionInterventions
Arm 1ExperimentalDaratumumab SC (Cycles 1-2: Days 1, 8, 15, 22; Cycles 3-6: Days 1, 15; Cycles =7: Days 1 of the 28-day cycle); Carfilzomib IV (Days 1, 8, 15 of the 28-day cycle); Dexamethasone PO/IV (Days 1, 8, 15, 22 of the 28-day cycle)
  • Dexamethasone
  • Carfilzomib
  • Daratumumab

Eligibility Criteria

        -  INCLUSION CRITERIA:

          -  Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed smoldering multiple
             myeloma (SMM) based on the International Myeloma Working Group Criteria:

               -  Serum M-protein >=3 g/dl and/or bone marrow plasma cells >=10 % and <60%

               -  Absence of anemia: hemoglobin >10 g/dl

               -  Absence of renal failure: serum creatinine <2.0 mg/dL

               -  Absence of hypercalcemia: Ca <10.5 mg/dl

               -  Absence of lytic bone lesion on X-ray, CT, or PET/CT and not more than 1 lesion
                  on spinal MRI (NOTE: At the discretion of the investigator, PET/CT may replace
                  MRI in patients who have a contraindication to MRI.)

               -  Involved/un-involved light chain ratio must be < 100 (unless involved light chain
                  is <=10 mg/dL)

          -  Measurable disease within the past 4 weeks defined by any one of the following:

               -  Serum monoclonal protein >= 0.5 g/dl

               -  Urine monoclonal protein >200 mg/24 hour

               -  Serum immunoglobulin free light chain >10 mg/dL AND abnormal kappa/lambda serum
                  free light chain ratio (reference 0.26-1.65)

               -  Because the primary endpoint is MRD (-) remission rate, per the discretion of the
                  Principal Investigator, patients without measurable disease in the serum (e.g.,
                  Mspike <0.5 g/dL) may also be enrolled. This is in line with the most recent IMWG
                  MM response criteria.

          -  Age >=18 years.

          -  ECOG performance status <=2 (Karnofsky >=60%).

          -  Patients must have adequate organ and marrow function as defined below:

               -  absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >=1.0 K/uL

        NOTE: At the discretion of the investigator, patients with an ANC of 0.5 K/uL -1.0 K/uL may
        also be enrolled if clinically appropriate (e.g., patients with a baseline neutropenia that
        is chronic and that does not cause complications).

          -  platelets >=75 K/uL

          -  hemoglobin > =8 g/dL, for anemia not due to MM (transfusions are permissible)

          -  total bilirubin = <1.5 X institutional upper limit of normal

          -  AST(SGOT)/ALT(SGPT) =<3.0 X institutional upper limit of normal

          -  creatinine within normal institutional limits, OR

          -  If creatinine is outside of the normal limits, then creatinine Clearance (CrCl) or
             Egfr (estimated glomerular filtration Rate) >=40 ml/min calculated by Cockcroft-Gault
             method, modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD), or the chronic kidney disease
             (CKD)-epidemiology collaboration (EPI) (institutional standard) equations.

             -In addition to having SMM, patients must also be classified as high-risk SMM per at
             least one of three criteria below:

          -  Criteria 1: Mayo Clinic, high-risk defined as:

               -  Bone marrow plasmacytosis >=10%,

               -  Serum monoclonal protein >=3 g/dL, AND

               -  Serum free light chain ratio of >=8 or <=0.125

          -  Criteria 2: Spanish PETHEMA, high-risk defined as:

               -  Immunoparesis (depression of one of the uninvolved immunoglobulin isotypes in the
                  total serum immunoglobulin assay, AND

               -  >=95% aberrant plasma cells on bone marrow aspirate flow cytometry

          -  Criteria 3: Rajkumar, Landgren, Mateos may also be used to define high risk disease,
             namely clonal bone marrow plasma cells >=10% AND any one or more of the following:

               -  Serum M protein >=30g/L,

               -  IgA SMM,

               -  Immunoparesis with reduction of 2 uninvolved immunoglobulin isotypes,

               -  Serum involved/uninvolved FLC ratio >=8 (but <100),

               -  Progressive increase in M protein level (evolving type of SMM; increase in serum
                  M protein by >=25% on 2 successive evaluations within a 6-month period),

               -  Clonal BMPCs 50%-60%,

               -  Abnormal PC immunophenotype (>=95% of BMPCs are clonal) and reduction of >=1
                  uninvolved immunoglobulin isotypes,

               -  t(4;14) or del(17p) or 1q gain,

               -  Increased circulating PCs,

               -  MRI with diffuse abnormalities or 1 focal lesion, AND/OR PET-CT with focal lesion
                  with increased uptake without underlying osteolytic bone destruction

                    -  The effects of carfilzomib and daratumumab on the developing human fetus are
                       unknown. For this reason, women of child-bearing potential (WOCBP) and men
                       must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of
                       birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for 3 months after
                       daratumumab and/or 6 months after the last dose of carfilzomib, whichever is
                       longer. Males with female partners of reproductive potential must use
                       adequate contraception during treatment and for 3 months after stopping
                       daratumumab and/or carfilzomib. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect
                       she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she
                       should inform her treating physician immediately.

                    -  Negative serum or urine pregnancy test at screening for WOCBP.

                    -  Ability of subject to understand and the willingness to sign a written
                       informed consent document.

        EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

          -  Patients who are receiving any other investigational agents.

          -  Prior therapy for SMM. At the discretion of the investigator, exceptions might be made
             depending on prior treatments received and response to those treatments, provided that
             by the start of protocol therapy, there will be a 4-week washout period. Exceptions
             will not be made for patients who have received the current DKd with daratumumab
             maintenance regimen nor any other regimen consisting of daratumumab and a proteasome
             inhibitor (e.g., bortezomib, ixazomib). Treatment with corticosteroids for other
             indications is permitted.

          -  Contraindication to any concomitant medication, including support/prophylaxis for
             infusion reaction, antiviral, antibacterial, anticoagulation or tumor lysis given
             prior to therapy.

          -  Patient has either of the following:

             --Known chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with a forced expiratory volume
             in 1 second (FEV1) <50% of predicted normal. NOTE: FEV1 testing is required for
             patients suspected of having COPD and subjects must be excluded if FEV1 is <50% of
             predicted normal.

             ---Known moderate or severe persistent asthma within the past 2 years, or uncontrolled
             asthma of any classification. NOTE: Subjects who currently have controlled
             intermittent asthma or controlled mild persistent asthma are allowed to participate in
             the study.

          -  Seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV-infected patients on
             effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load for at least the 3
             months prior to enrollment are eligible for this trial.

          -  Active hepatitis B infection. NOTE: Patients who are hepatitis B surface antigen
             (HbcsAg) or hepatitis B core antibody (HbcAb) positive will need to have a negative
             HBV PCR result before enrollment. Those with a positive PCR for hepatitis B are
             excluded.

          -  Seropositive for hepatitis C (except in the setting of a sustained virologic response
             [SVR], defined as aviremia at least 12 weeks after completion of antiviral therapy).

          -  Peripheral neuropathy of any cause that is Grade 2 or higher

          -  History of inflammatory bowel disease

          -  History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic
             composition to carfilzomib or daratumumab or other agents used in study.

          -  Current uncontrolled hypertension (chronic systolic blood pressures >160 mm Hg) or
             diabetes (chronic clinical signs/symptoms of hyperglycemia and/or an A1c value >9%).

          -  Significant cardiovascular disease with NYHA Class II, III or IV symptoms, or
             hypertrophic cardiomegaly, or restrictive cardiomegaly, or myocardial infarction
             within 3 months prior to enrollment, or unstable angina, or unstable arrhythmia.

          -  No studies of carfilzomib or daratumumab have been conducted on breast feeding women
             and it is not known if it is excreted in milk. Because there is an unknown but
             potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the
             mother, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with
             carfilzomib/daratumumab.

          -  Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active
             infection, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, venous thromboembolic
             disease, hemorrhage, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis, or psychiatric illness/social
             situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
      
Maximum Eligible Age:N/A
Minimum Eligible Age:18 Years
Eligible Gender:All
Healthy Volunteers:No

Primary Outcome Measures

Measure:Response Rate
Time Frame:12 cycles
Safety Issue:
Description:To assess the remission rate of DKd in participants with high-risk (HR) SMM by determining the minimal residual disease (MRD) negative complete response (CR) by flow cytometry (10-5 sensitivity) rate after 12 cycles of therapy

Secondary Outcome Measures

Measure:Overall Response Rate
Time Frame:every 6-8 weeks
Safety Issue:
Description:The fraction of participants who experience a PR, VGPR, CR or sCR after DKd determined by dividing the number of responders by the total evaluable patients.
Measure:Duration of Response
Time Frame:every 6-8 weeks
Safety Issue:
Description:Time from PR or better until the time of PD. Kaplan-Meier will be utilized
Measure:Biochemical and Symptomatic progression free survival (PFS)
Time Frame:every 6-8 weeks
Safety Issue:
Description:Using Kaplan-Meier method, considering those who biochemically progress or die and those who clinically progress or die, and censoring those who do not
Measure:Durability of MRD negative complete response (CR)
Time Frame:through 3 years post-treatment
Safety Issue:
Description:Sustained negative CR rate 1, 2, 3 years.
Measure:Toxicity evaluation of DKd
Time Frame:through 30 days post treatment
Safety Issue:
Description:Descriptive statistics to determine safety of receiving KRd with daratumumab maintenance
Measure:Overall survival (OS)
Time Frame:ongoing
Safety Issue:
Description:Determined using the Kaplan-Meier method

Details

Phase:Phase 2
Primary Purpose:Interventional
Overall Status:Not yet recruiting
Lead Sponsor:National Cancer Institute (NCI)

Trial Keywords

  • anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody
  • Proteasome Inhibitor
  • Anti-Myeloma Activity
  • Immunomodulatory Agents
  • Combination Therapy

Last Updated

August 27, 2021