Alpelisib is a p110α specific PI3K inhibitor that has shown significant clinical benefit in
patients with HR+/HER2 negative mBC harboring activating PIK3CA mutations. The SOLAR-1 study
randomized patients with MBC progressing after aromatase inhibitor therapy patients had a PFS
of 11 months with fulvestrant plus alpelisib versus 5.7 months with fulvestrant alone.
Alpelisib was associated with a 65% incidence of hyperglycemia, including 37% Grade 3 or 4
hyperglycemia.
Hyperglycemia is an expected effect of PI3K inhibitors given the pivotal role of PI3K in
mediating the response to insulin in multiple tissues. Blocking insulin signaling by p110α
inhibitors leads to glycogen breakdown in the liver along with decreased glucose uptake in
peripheral tissues. The resulting hyperglycemia causes a compensatory response of increase
insulin secretion by the pancreas.
Cantley and colleagues have shown in animal models that treatment with BYL-719(alpelisib)
results in rapid increase in plasma glucose level and a compensatory increase in insulin.
They went on to show that this rebound hyperinsulinemia was able to rescue KPC tumor
allografts from BYL-719 inhibition as evidenced by increasing phosphorylation of downstream
effectors in the PI3K pathway, pAKT and PS6. Pretreatment of the mice with an SGLT-2
inhibitor decreased the hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia following treatment with BYL-719.
Importantly, the response of the KPC tumor allografts to treatment was concordant with
reduction in insulin levels.3
This provides a rationale for combining dapagliflozin with alpelisib in the treatment of HR+,
PIK3CA mutant MBC. If concurrent treatment with dapagliflozin can abrogate the alpelisib
induced hyperglycemia and subsequent rebound hyperinsulinemia it may significantly improve
the therapeutic efficacy of alpelisib.
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Patients > 18 years old with stage IV or locally advanced, unresectable Stage III
breast cancer that is:
1. ER and/or PR positive by local laboratory evaluation
2. HER2 negative as defined by: either IHC status of 0, 1+ ; IHC of 2+ with FISH
negative by ASCO/CAP guidelines.
2. If female, post-menopausal status as defined by
1. Prior bilateral oophorectomy
2. Age > 60
3. Age <60 and amenorrheic for 12 or more months in the absence of chemotherapy,
tamoxifen, toremifene; or ovarian suppression and Follicle-stimulating Hormone
(FSH) and estradiol in the postmenopausal range per local normal range.
4. Current use of LHRH agonist for ovarian suppression and estradiol and FSH
documented in the post-menopausal range.
3. PIK3CA activating mutation identified by a either in a CLIA certified tumor genomic
assay or ctDNA assay.
4. Patients may be:
1. relapsed with documented evidence of progression while on (neo) adjuvant
endocrine therapy or within 12 months from completion of (neo)adjuvant endocrine
therapy with no treatment for metastatic disease
2. relapsed with documented evidence of progression more than 12 months
following/completion of (neo)adjuvant endocrine therapy and then subsequently
progressed with documented evidence of progression while on or after only one
line of endocrine therapy for metastatic disease
3. newly diagnosed advanced breast cancer, then relapsed with documented evidence of
progression while on or after only one line of endocrine therapy
4. Prior endocrine treatment must have included a CDK4/6 inhibitor
5. ECOG performance status 0-2
6. Patient has adequate bone marrow and organ function as defined by the following
laboratory values:
1. Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1.0 × 109/L
2. Platelets ≥ 75 × 109/L
3. Hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 g/dL
4. Calcium (corrected for serum albumin) and magnesium within normal limits or ≤
grade 1 according to NCI-CTCAE version 4.03 if judged clinically not significant
by the investigator
5. Potassium within normal limits, or corrected with supplements
6. Creatinine Clearance 35 ≥ mL/min using Cockcroft-Gault formula
7. In absence of liver metastases, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate
aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 3.0 × ULN. If the patient has liver metastases, ALT and
AST ≤ 5 × ULN
8. Total bilirubin < ULN except for patients with Gilbert's syndrome who may only be
included if the total bilirubin is ≤ 3.0 × ULN or direct bilirubin ≤ 1.5 × ULN≤
7. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≤ 200 and Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤ 6.5%
8. Fasting Serum amylase ≤ 2 × ULN
9. Fasting Serum lipase ≤ ULN
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Patient has not recovered from all toxicities related to prior anticancer therapies to
NCI CTCAE version 4.03 Grade ≤1. Exception to this criterion: patients with any grade
of alopecia are allowed to enter the study.
2. Patient with symptomatic visceral disease or any disease burden that makes the patient
ineligible for endocrine therapy per the investigator's best judgment.
3. Patients with Type I diabetes or history of diabetic ketoacidosis
4. Patient has received prior treatment with chemotherapy in the metastatic setting,
fulvestrant, any PI3K, mTOR or AKT inhibitor
5. Patient has a known hypersensitivity to alpelisib or fulvestrant, or to any of the
excipients of alpelisib or fulvestrant.
6. Patient is concurrently using other anti-cancer therapy.
7. Patient has had surgery within 14 days prior to starting study drug or has not
recovered from major side effects of surgery.
8. Patient has central nervous system (CNS) involvement that does not meet ALL of the
following criteria:
- completed prior therapy (including radiation and/or surgery) for CNS metastases ≥
14 days prior to the start of study and
- CNS tumor is clinically stable at the time of screening and
- patient is not receiving steroids and/or enzyme inducing anti-epileptic
medications for brain metastases
9. Patient has impairment of gastrointestinal (GI) function or GI disease that may
significantly alter the absorption of the study drugs (e.g., ulcerative diseases,
uncontrolled nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, malabsorption syndrome, or small bowel
resection)
10. Patient is following a ketogenic diet and unwilling to change diet.
11. Patient has any other concurrent severe and/or uncontrolled medical condition that
would, in the investigator's judgment, contraindicate patient participation in the
clinical study.
12. Patient has currently documented pneumonitis (the chest CT scan performed at baseline
for the purpose of tumor assessment should be reviewed to confirm that there are no
relevant pulmonary complications present).
13. Patient is currently receiving or has received systemic corticosteroids 7 days prior
to starting study drug, or who have not fully recovered from side effects of such
treatment.
Note: The following uses of corticosteroids are permitted: single doses, topical
applications (e.g., for rash), inhaled sprays (e.g., for obstructive airways
diseases), eye drops or local injections (e.g., intra-articular).
14. Sexually active males unless they are sterilized (at least 6 months prior to
screening) or use a condom during intercourse while taking drug and for at least 8
months after stopping alpelisib and/or fulvestrant. .
15. Participation in a prior investigational study within 14 days prior to the start of
study treatment or within 5 half-lives of the investigational product, whichever is
longer.
16. Not able to understand and to comply with study instructions and requirements.
17. History of acute pancreatitis within1 year of screening or past medical history of
chronic pancreatitis.
