My Cancer Genome: Genetically Informed Cancer Medicine

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    • PTEN c.697C>T (R233*)
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  • What is PTEN?
  • PTEN in Lung Cancer
  • PTEN c.697C>T (R233*)
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PTEN

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten) is a lipid/protein phosphatase that plays a role in multiple cell processes, including growth, proliferation, survival, and maintenance of genomic integrity. PTEN acts as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway (Figure 1) via dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) at the cell membrane.

Cancer-associated alterations in PTEN often result in PTEN inactivation and thus increased activity of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Somatic mutations of PTEN occur in multiple malignancies, including gliomas, melanoma, prostate, endometrial, breast, ovarian, renal, and lung cancers. Germline mutations of PTEN lead to inherited hamartoma and Cowden syndrome (for reviews see Chalhoub and Baker 2009 and Maehama 2007). PTEN activity can also be lost through other mechanisms such as epigenetic changes or post-translational modifications (Leslie and Foti 2010). Immunochemistry is often used to detect changes in expression of PTEN in tumor tissues; low expression is thought to indicate loss of PTEN expression, which would result in increased activity of the PI3K-AKT pathway.

mapk-pk13.png

Figure 1.
Schematic of the MAPK and PI3K pathways. Growth factor binding to receptor tyrosine kinase results in activation of the MAPK signaling pathway (RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK) and the PI3K pathway (PI3K-AKT-mTOR). The letter "K" within the schema denotes the tyrosine kinase domain.

Related Pathways

  • PI3K/AKT1/MTOR

Contributors: Christine M. Lovly, M.D., Ph.D., Leora Horn, M.D., M.Sc., William Pao, M.D., Ph.D. (through April 2014)

Suggested Citation: Lovly, C., L. Horn, W. Pao. 2015. PTEN. My Cancer Genome https://www.mycancergenome.org/content/disease/lung-cancer/pten/?tab=0 (Updated December 7).

Last Updated: December 7, 2015

PTEN in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Somatic mutations in PTEN have been found in 4–8% of all NSCLC (Jin et al. 2010; Kohno et al. 1998; Lee et al. 2010). PTEN mutations are found more commonly in ever smokers and in tumors with squamous cell histology (Jin et al. 2010; Lee et al. 2010). PTEN mutation can occur in multiple exons within the gene (i.e., no 'hotspot' mutations in PTEN have been found; Jin et al. 2010).

Contributors: Christine M. Lovly, M.D., Ph.D., Leora Horn, M.D., M.Sc., William Pao, M.D., Ph.D. (through April 2014)

Suggested Citation: Lovly, C., L. Horn, W. Pao. 2015. PTEN in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). My Cancer Genome https://www.mycancergenome.org/content/disease/lung-cancer/pten/ (Updated June 18).

Last Updated: June 18, 2015

PTEN c.697C>T (R233*) Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Properties
Location of mutation Exon 7
Frequency of PTEN mutations in NSCLC 4–8% (Jin et al. 2010; Kohno et al. 1998; Lee et al. 2010)
Frequency of R233* mutations in PTEN-mutated NSCLC 5.5% (COSMIC)
Implications for Targeted Therapeutics
Response to PI3K inhibitors Unknown at this time
Response to dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors Unknown at this time
Response to AKT inhibitors Unknown at this time
Response to EGFR TKIs Unknown​ at this timea
Response to anti-EGFR antibodies Unknown at this time

The R233* mutation results in the introduction of a premature stop codon into the PTEN gene. This mutation occurs within exon 7, which encodes a portion of the C2 domain (Lee et al. 1999). C2 domains are known to be involved in targeting proteins to cell membranes.

In vitro studies have shown that inactivating mutations in the PTEN gene confer sensitivity to PI3K-AKT inhibitors [for review, see (Courtney, Corcoran, and Engelman 2010)] as well as FRAP/mTOR inhibitors (Neshat et al. 2001).

a In preclinical studies, PTEN loss is associated with decreased sensitivity of EGFR-mutated lung tumors to EGFR TKIs (Sos et al. 2009).

pten-r233.png

Figure 1.
Schematic of R233* mutation. Functional domains of PTEN are depicted.

​

Contributors: Christine M. Lovly, M.D., Ph.D., Leora Horn, M.D., M.Sc., William Pao, M.D., Ph.D. (through April 2014)

Suggested Citation: Lovly, C., L. Horn, W. Pao. 2015. PTEN c.697C>T (R233*) Mutations in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). My Cancer Genome https://www.mycancergenome.org/content/disease/lung-cancer/pten/25/ (Updated March 6).

Last Updated: March 6, 2015

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Disclaimer: The information presented at MyCancerGenome.org is compiled from sources believed to be reliable. Extensive efforts have been made to make this information as accurate and as up-to-date as possible. However, the accuracy and completeness of this information cannot be guaranteed. Despite our best efforts, this information may contain typographical errors and omissions. The contents are to be used only as a guide, and health care providers should employ sound clinical judgment in interpreting this information for individual patient care.

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