Biomarkers /
PD-L1 Expression
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Associated Diseases
Overview
Biomarker-Directed Therapies
PD-L1 Expression is a predictive biomarker for use of pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, ipilimumab, nab-paclitaxel, and nivolumab in patients.
Of the therapies with PD-L1 Expression as a predictive biomarker, 5 are FDA-approved and 3 have NCCN guidelines in at least one clinical setting.
Breast carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, cervical carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have the most therapies targeted against PD-L1 Expression or its related pathways [5].
Atezolizumab +
Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma -
Biomarker Criteria:
Sample must match all of the following:
Sample must match one or more of the following: Sample must not match any of the following: |
Predicted Response: Primary Sensitivity |
Clinical Setting(s): Metastatic (FDA, NCCN) | |
Note: Approved for the first-line treatment of adult patients with metastatic NSCLC with high PD-L1 expression (PD-L1 stained ≥ 50% of tumor cells [TC ≥ 50%] or PD-L1 stained tumor-infiltrating immune cells [IC] covering ≥ 10% of the tumor area [IC ≥ 10%]), with no EGFR or ALK alterations. |
Pembrolizumab +
Breast Carcinoma -
Biomarker Criteria:
Sample must match all of the following:
Sample must match one or more of the following: Sample must match one or more of the following: |
Predicted Response: Primary Sensitivity |
Clinical Setting(s): Metastatic (FDA, NCCN) | |
Note: Indicated in combination with chemotherapy for patients with locally recurrent, unresectable, or metastatic TNBC whose tumors express PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) >= 10]. |
Cervical Carcinoma -
Biomarker Criteria:
Sample must match one or more of the following:
|
Predicted Response: Primary Sensitivity |
Clinical Setting(s): Metastatic (FDA, NCCN) | |
Note: Approved for recurrent or metastatic tumors expresssing PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) >=1] with disease progression on or after chemotherapy. |
Gastric Carcinoma -
Biomarker Criteria:
Sample must match one or more of the following:
|
Predicted Response: Primary Sensitivity |
Clinical Setting(s): Metastatic (FDA, NCCN) | |
Note: Approved for recurrent locally advanced or metastatic tumors expresssing PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) >=1] with disease progression on or after two or more prior lines of therapy including fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy and if appropriate, HER2/neu-targeted therapy. |
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma -
Biomarker Criteria:
Sample must match one or more of the following:
|
Predicted Response: Primary Sensitivity |
Clinical Setting(s): Metastatic (FDA, NCCN) | |
Note: Approved as a single agent for the first line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1]. |
Malignant Esophageal Neoplasm -
Biomarker Criteria:
Sample must match all of the following:
|
Predicted Response: Primary Sensitivity |
Clinical Setting(s): Metastatic (NCCN) | |
Note: Recommended for recurrent locally advanced or metastatic tumors expresssing PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) >=1] with disease progression on or after two or more prior lines of therapy including fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy and if appropriate, HER2/neu-targeted therapy. |
Atezolizumab + Nab-Paclitaxel +
Breast Carcinoma -
Biomarker Criteria:
Sample must match all of the following:
Sample must match all of the following: Sample must match one or more of the following: |
Predicted Response: Primary Sensitivity |
Clinical Setting(s): Metastatic (FDA, NCCN) | |
Note: Indicated for adult patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) whose tumors express PD-L1 (PD-L1 stained tumor-infiltrating immune cells [IC] of any intensity covering ≥ 1% of the tumor area. |
Ipilimumab + Nivolumab +
Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma -
Biomarker Criteria:
Sample must match all of the following:
Sample must not match any of the following: Sample must match one or more of the following: |
Predicted Response: Primary Sensitivity |
Clinical Setting(s): Metastatic (FDA) | |
Note: Approved as first-line treatment for patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1(≥1%), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. |
Clinical Trials
PD-L1 Expression serves as an inclusion eligibility criterion in 62 clinical trials, of which 43 are open and 19 are closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression as an inclusion criterion, 1 is early phase 1 (1 open), 14 are phase 1 (8 open), 4 are phase 1/phase 2 (3 open), 24 are phase 2 (15 open), and 19 are phase 3 (16 open).
Trials with PD-L1 Expression in the inclusion eligibility criteria most commonly target non-small cell lung carcinoma, breast carcinoma, malignant solid tumor, urothelial carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction [5].
Pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, placebo, paclitaxel, and durvalumab are the most frequent therapies in trials with PD-L1 Expression as an inclusion criteria [5].
Significance of PD-L1 Expression in Diseases
Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 31 clinical trials for non-small cell lung carcinoma, of which 22 are open and 9 are closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and non-small cell lung carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is early phase 1 (1 open), 5 are phase 1 (4 open), 2 are phase 1/phase 2 (2 open), 12 are phase 2 (6 open), and 11 are phase 3 (9 open) [5].
Atezolizumab, ipilimumab, and nivolumab have evidence of efficacy in patients with PD-L1 Expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma [5].
Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 7 clinical trials for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, of which 3 are open and 4 are closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 2 are phase 1 (1 open), 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open), 3 are phase 2 (1 open), and 1 is phase 3 (0 open) [5].
Pembrolizumab has evidence of efficacy in patients with PD-L1 Expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [5].
Breast Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 6 clinical trials for breast carcinoma, of which 4 are open and 2 are closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and breast carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 2 are phase 1 (2 open), 3 are phase 2 (1 open), and 1 is phase 3 (1 open) [5].
Atezolizumab, nab-paclitaxel, and pembrolizumab have evidence of efficacy in patients with PD-L1 Expression in breast carcinoma [5].
Cervical Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for cervical carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and cervical carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Pembrolizumab has evidence of efficacy in patients with PD-L1 Expression in cervical carcinoma [5].
Gastric Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for gastric carcinoma, of which 0 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and gastric carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 2 (0 open) [5].
Pembrolizumab has evidence of efficacy in patients with PD-L1 Expression in gastric carcinoma [5].
Malignant Esophageal Neoplasm +
Pembrolizumab has evidence of efficacy in patients with PD-L1 Expression in malignant esophageal neoplasm [5].
Malignant Solid Tumor +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 9 clinical trials for malignant solid tumor, of which 6 are open and 3 are closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and malignant solid tumor as inclusion criteria, 6 are phase 1 (3 open), 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open), and 2 are phase 2 (2 open) [5].
Urothelial Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 8 clinical trials for urothelial carcinoma, of which 6 are open and 2 are closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and urothelial carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 3 are phase 1 (1 open), 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open), 3 are phase 2 (3 open), and 1 is phase 3 (1 open) [5].
Adenocarcinoma Of The Gastroesophageal Junction +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 6 clinical trials for adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction, of which 4 are open and 2 are closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction as inclusion criteria, 2 are phase 1 (1 open), 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open), 2 are phase 2 (1 open), and 1 is phase 3 (1 open) [5].
Gastric Adenocarcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 6 clinical trials for gastric adenocarcinoma, of which 4 are open and 2 are closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and gastric adenocarcinoma as inclusion criteria, 2 are phase 1 (1 open), 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open), 2 are phase 2 (1 open), and 1 is phase 3 (1 open) [5].
Melanoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 6 clinical trials for melanoma, of which 3 are open and 3 are closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and melanoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open), 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (0 open), and 4 are phase 2 (2 open) [5].
Bladder Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 3 clinical trials for bladder carcinoma, of which 2 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and bladder carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 2 are phase 2 (1 open) and 1 is phase 3 (1 open) [5].
Colorectal Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 3 clinical trials for colorectal carcinoma, of which 0 are open and 3 are closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and colorectal carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (0 open) and 2 are phase 2 (0 open) [5].
Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 3 clinical trials for non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma, of which 3 are open and 0 are closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 2 are phase 2 (2 open) and 1 is phase 3 (1 open) [5].
Renal Cell Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 3 clinical trials for renal cell carcinoma, of which 2 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and renal cell carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (0 open), 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open), and 1 is phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 3 clinical trials for squamous cell lung carcinoma, of which 3 are open and 0 are closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and squamous cell lung carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open), 1 is phase 2 (1 open), and 1 is phase 3 (1 open) [5].
Ovarian Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 2 clinical trials for ovarian carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 1 is closed. Of the trials that contain PD-L1 Expression and ovarian carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 2 are phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for bladder urothelial carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and bladder urothelial carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) [5].
Breast Adenocarcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for breast adenocarcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and breast adenocarcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 3 (1 open) [5].
Cervical Adenocarcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for cervical adenocarcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and cervical adenocarcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Cervical Adenosquamous Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for cervical adenosquamous carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and cervical adenosquamous carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for cervical squamous cell carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and cervical squamous cell carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for clear cell renal cell carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and clear cell renal cell carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Cutaneous Melanoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for cutaneous melanoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and cutaneous melanoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, of which 0 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (0 open) [5].
Endometrial Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for endometrial carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and endometrial carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Fallopian Tube Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for fallopian tube carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and fallopian tube carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Follicular Lymphoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for follicular lymphoma, of which 0 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and follicular lymphoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (0 open) [5].
Glioblastoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for glioblastoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) [5].
High Grade Ovarian Serous Adenocarcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for high grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and high grade ovarian serous adenocarcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Hodgkin Lymphoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for hodgkin lymphoma, of which 0 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and hodgkin lymphoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (0 open) [5].
Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Infiltrating Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and infiltrating bladder urothelial carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 3 (1 open) [5].
Infiltrating Renal Pelvis And Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for infiltrating renal pelvis and ureter urothelial carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and infiltrating renal pelvis and ureter urothelial carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) [5].
Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Liver And Intrahepatic Bile Duct Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for liver and intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and liver and intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) [5].
Lymphoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for lymphoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and lymphoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) [5].
Malignant Mesothelioma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for malignant mesothelioma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and malignant mesothelioma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, of which 0 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (0 open) [5].
Mucosal Melanoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for mucosal melanoma, of which 0 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and mucosal melanoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (0 open) [5].
Multiple Myeloma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for multiple myeloma, of which 0 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and multiple myeloma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (0 open) [5].
Myelodysplastic Syndromes +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for myelodysplastic syndromes, of which 0 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and myelodysplastic syndromes as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (0 open) [5].
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for non-hodgkin lymphoma, of which 0 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and non-hodgkin lymphoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (0 open) [5].
Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Ovarian Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, of which 0 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 2 (0 open) [5].
Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for primary peritoneal carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and primary peritoneal carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Prostate Adenocarcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for prostate adenocarcinoma, of which 0 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and prostate adenocarcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 2 (0 open) [5].
Prostate Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for prostate carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and prostate carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 2 (1 open) [5].
Renal Pelvis Urothelial Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and renal pelvis urothelial carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) [5].
Small Cell Lung Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for small cell lung carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and small cell lung carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) [5].
Ureter Urothelial Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for ureter urothelial carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and ureter urothelial carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) [5].
Urethral Urothelial Carcinoma +
PD-L1 Expression is an inclusion criterion in 1 clinical trial for urethral urothelial carcinoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PD-L1 Expression and urethral urothelial carcinoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) [5].
References
1. Hart R and Prlic A. Universal Transcript Archive Repository. Version uta_20180821. San Francisco CA: Github;2015. https://github.com/biocommons/uta
2. The UniProt Consortium. UniProt: a worldwide hub of protein knowledge. Nucleic Acids Research. 2019;47:D506-D515.
3. Liu X, Wu C, Li C, and Boerwinkle E. dbNSFP v3.0: A one-stop database of functional predictions and annotations for human nonsynonymous and splice site SNVs. Human Mutation. 2015;37:235-241.
Liu X, Jian X, and Boerwinkle E. dbNSFP: A lightweight database of human nonsynonymous SNPs and their functional predictions. Human Mutation. 2011;32:894-899.
4. The AACR Project GENIE Consortium. AACR Project GENIE: powering precision medicine through an international consortium. Cancer Discovery. 2017;7(8):818-831. Dataset Version 8. This dataset does not represent the totality of the genetic landscape; see paper for more information.
5. All assertions and clinical trial landscape data are curated from primary sources. You can read more about the curation process here.