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PTEN

PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten) is a lipid/protein phosphatase that plays a role in multiple cell processes, including growth, proliferation, survival, and maintenance of genomic integrity. PTEN acts as a tumor suppressor by negatively regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway (Figure 1) via dephosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) at the cell membrane.

Cancer-associated alterations in PTEN often result in PTEN inactivation and thus increased activity of the PI3K-AKT pathway. Somatic mutations of PTEN occur in multiple malignancies, including gliomas, melanoma, prostate, endometrial, breast, ovarian, renal, and lung cancers. Germline mutations of PTEN lead to inherited hamartoma and Cowden syndrome (for reviews see Chalhoub and Baker 2009 and Maehama 2007). PTEN activity can also be lost through other mechanisms such as epigenetic changes or post-translational modifications (Leslie and Foti 2010). Immunochemistry is often used to detect changes in expression of PTEN in tumor tissues; low expression is thought to indicate loss of PTEN expression, which would result in increased activity of the PI3K-AKT pathway.

mapk-pk13.png

Figure 1.
Schematic of the MAPK and PI3K pathways. Growth factor binding to receptor tyrosine kinase results in activation of the MAPK signaling pathway (RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK) and the PI3K pathway (PI3K-AKT-mTOR). The letter "K" within the schema denotes the tyrosine kinase domain.

Related Pathways

  • PI3K/AKT1/MTOR

Contributors: Christine M. Lovly, M.D., Ph.D., Leora Horn, M.D., M.Sc., William Pao, M.D., Ph.D. (through April 2014)

Suggested Citation: Lovly, C.M., Horn, L., Pao, W. 2015. PTEN. My Cancer Genome https://www.mycancergenome.org/content/gene/pten/ (Updated December 2015)

Modified: December 7, 2015

Disclaimer: The information presented at MyCancerGenome.org is compiled from sources believed to be reliable. Extensive efforts have been made to make this information as accurate and as up-to-date as possible. However, the accuracy and completeness of this information cannot be guaranteed. Despite our best efforts, this information may contain typographical errors and omissions. The contents are to be used only as a guide, and health care providers should employ sound clinical judgment in interpreting this information for individual patient care.

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