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Glioblastoma
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Associated Genetic Biomarkers
Overview
NCI Definition: The most malignant astrocytic tumor (WHO grade IV). It is composed of poorly differentiated neoplastic astrocytes and it is characterized by the presence of cellular polymorphism, nuclear atypia, brisk mitotic activity, vascular thrombosis, microvascular proliferation and necrosis. It typically affects adults and is preferentially located in the cerebral hemispheres. It may develop from diffuse astrocytoma WHO grade II or anaplastic astrocytoma (secondary glioblastoma, IDH-mutant), but more frequently, it manifests after a short clinical history de novo, without evidence of a less malignant precursor lesion (primary glioblastoma, IDH- wildtype). (Adapted from WHO) [1]
Glioblastomas most frequently harbor alterations in PTEN, TP53, CDKN2A, CDKN2B, and EGFR [2].
TP53 Mutation, CDKN2A Loss, CDKN2B Loss, TP53 Missense, and TP53 c.217-c.1178 Missense are the most common alterations in glioblastoma [2].
Clinical Trials
There are 217 clinical trials for glioblastoma, of which 174 are open and 43 are completed or closed. Of the trials that contain glioblastoma as an inclusion criterion, 12 are early phase 1 (10 open), 72 are phase 1 (63 open), 41 are phase 1/phase 2 (32 open), 73 are phase 2 (53 open), 5 are phase 2/phase 3 (5 open), 9 are phase 3 (7 open), and 5 are no phase specified (4 open).
MGMT, EGFR, and IDH2 are the most frequent gene inclusion criteria for glioblastoma clinical trials [3].
Temozolomide, radiation therapy, and bevacizumab are the most common interventions in glioblastoma clinical trials.
Significant Genes in Glioblastoma
CDK6 +
CDK6 is altered in 1.62% of glioblastoma patients [2].
CDK6 is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 2 clinical trials for glioblastoma, of which 2 are open and 0 are closed. Of the trials that contain CDK6 status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is early phase 1 (1 open) and 1 is phase 1 (1 open) [3].
CDKN2A +
CDKN2A is altered in 36.49% of glioblastoma patients [2].
CDKN2A is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 4 clinical trials for glioblastoma, of which 2 are open and 2 are closed. Of the trials that contain CDKN2A status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is early phase 1 (1 open), 1 is phase 1 (0 open), and 2 are phase 2 (1 open) [3].
CDKN2B +
CDKN2B is altered in 38.59% of glioblastoma patients [2].
CDKN2B is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 3 clinical trials for glioblastoma, of which 2 are open and 1 is closed. Of the trials that contain CDKN2B status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is early phase 1 (1 open) and 2 are phase 2 (1 open) [3].
CTDNEP1 +
CTDNEP1 is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 1 clinical trial for glioblastoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains CTDNEP1 status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) [3].
EGFR +
EGFR is altered in 31.54% of glioblastoma patients [2].
EGFR is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 22 clinical trials for glioblastoma, of which 14 are open and 8 are closed. Of the trials that contain EGFR status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 10 are phase 1 (6 open), 3 are phase 1/phase 2 (2 open), 8 are phase 2 (5 open), and 1 is phase 2/phase 3 (1 open) [3].
ERBB2 +
ERBB2 is altered in 1.84% of glioblastoma patients [2].
ERBB2 is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 2 clinical trials for glioblastoma, of which 2 are open and 0 are closed. Of the trials that contain ERBB2 status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) and 1 is phase 2 (1 open) [3].
FGF9 +
FGF9 is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 1 clinical trial for glioblastoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains FGF9 status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [3].
FGFR2 +
FGFR2 is altered in 1.61% of glioblastoma patients [2].
FGFR2 is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 2 clinical trials for glioblastoma, of which 1 is open and 1 is closed. Of the trials that contain FGFR2 status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (0 open) and 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [3].
H3F3A +
H3F3A is altered in 2.35% of glioblastoma patients [2].
H3F3A is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 3 clinical trials for glioblastoma, of which 3 are open and 0 are closed. Of the trials that contain H3F3A status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 2 are phase 1 (2 open) and 1 is phase 3 (1 open) [3].
KRAS +
KRAS is altered in 1.6% of glioblastoma patients [2].
KRAS is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 3 clinical trials for glioblastoma, of which 1 is open and 2 are closed. Of the trials that contain KRAS status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 2 are phase 1 (1 open) and 1 is phase 2 (0 open) [3].
MET +
MET is altered in 4.12% of glioblastoma patients [2].
MET is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 3 clinical trials for glioblastoma, of which 1 is open and 2 are closed. Of the trials that contain MET status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 2 are phase 1 (1 open) and 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (0 open) [3].
OTX2 +
OTX2 is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 1 clinical trial for glioblastoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains OTX2 status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) [3].
PTEN +
PTEN is altered in 37.66% of glioblastoma patients [2].
PTEN is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 3 clinical trials for glioblastoma, of which 1 is open and 2 are closed. Of the trials that contain PTEN status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 2 are phase 1 (1 open) and 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (0 open) [3].
PVT1 +
PVT1 is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 1 clinical trial for glioblastoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains PVT1 status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) [3].
TERT +
TERT is altered in 4.44% of glioblastoma patients [2].
TERT is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 4 clinical trials for glioblastoma, of which 4 are open and 0 are closed. Of the trials that contain TERT status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1 (1 open) and 3 are phase 2 (3 open) [3].
TNFRSF10B +
TNFRSF10B is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 1 clinical trial for glioblastoma, of which 1 is open and 0 are closed. Of the trial that contains TNFRSF10B status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (1 open) [3].
TP53 +
TP53 is altered in 36.79% of glioblastoma patients [2].
TP53 is an inclusion eligibility criterion in 4 clinical trials for glioblastoma, of which 1 is open and 3 are closed. Of the trials that contain TP53 status and glioblastoma as inclusion criteria, 2 are phase 1 (1 open), 1 is phase 1/phase 2 (0 open), and 1 is phase 2 (0 open) [3].
Disease Details
References
1. National Cancer Institute. NCI Thesaurus Version 18.11d. https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ [2018-08-28]. [2018-09-21].
2. The AACR Project GENIE Consortium. AACR Project GENIE: powering precision medicine through an international consortium. Cancer Discovery. 2017;7(8):818-831. Dataset Version 8. This dataset does not represent the totality of the genetic landscape; see paper for more information.
3. All assertions and clinical trial landscape data are curated from primary sources. You can read more about the curation process here.
